Introduction to population genetics Flashcards
Define:
Locus (loci)
the physical position of a gene or marker along a chromosome
Define:
Allele
the different forms of a gene
Define:
Diploid organism
two alleles make up the genotype
Define:
Homozygote
individual with two identical alleles
Define:
Heterozygote
individual with two different alleles
Define:
Polymorphism
gene or phenotype with more than one form
Highly useful formulae
Frequency of one allele in the population is represented by p and the other by q
p+q = 1
Learn some applications of HWE
Provides description of how genetic variation is maintained
Used to show how blending inheritance does not happen
Testing for genetic equilibrium
Estimating allele frequencies
Identifying population substructure
Estimating inbreeding coefficients
Detecting natural selection
Forensic genetics
Conservation genetics
Discuss causes of departures from HWE
Non-random mating
Genetic drift
Mutation
Migration
Natural selection
Assortative mating
Inbreeding
Errors in genotyping
Non-random mating, migration, population structure
Migration can restore genetic variation
When the population is subdivided into small isolated local populations, genetic variation can be eroded
Departure from HWE can indicate natural selection