Introduction to population genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Define:
Locus (loci)

A

the physical position of a gene or marker along a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define:
Allele

A

the different forms of a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define:
Diploid organism

A

two alleles make up the genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define:
Homozygote

A

individual with two identical alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define:
Heterozygote

A

individual with two different alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define:
Polymorphism

A

gene or phenotype with more than one form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Highly useful formulae

A

Frequency of one allele in the population is represented by p and the other by q

p+q = 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Learn some applications of HWE

A

Provides description of how genetic variation is maintained

Used to show how blending inheritance does not happen

Testing for genetic equilibrium

Estimating allele frequencies

Identifying population substructure

Estimating inbreeding coefficients

Detecting natural selection

Forensic genetics

Conservation genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Discuss causes of departures from HWE

A

Non-random mating

Genetic drift

Mutation

Migration

Natural selection

Assortative mating

Inbreeding

Errors in genotyping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Non-random mating, migration, population structure

A

Migration can restore genetic variation

When the population is subdivided into small isolated local populations, genetic variation can be eroded

Departure from HWE can indicate natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly