Introduction to Pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, and Muscle Relaxants/Anxiolytics Flashcards
Adverse drug reaction:
- Is an expected or known effect and is unintended.
- Is an expected or known effect and is intended.
- Is harm directly caused at normal doses.
- Is harm directly caused at excess doses.
Is harm directly caused at normal doses.
Anti-platelet aggregant is given mainly to:
- Prevent thrombosis.
- Minimize inflammation.
- Lowers fever.
- Stops bleeding.
- Relieves pain.
Prevent thrombosis.
Anti-pyretic:
- NSAIDS
- Inhibits the action of prostaglandins.
- Aspirin
- Lowers fever.
NSAIDS, inhibits the action of prostaglandins, Aspirin, and lowers fever.
Anticoagulants:
- Relieves pain.
- An effect of Acetaminophen.
- Will cause bleeding as an adverse effect.
- Achieved by promoting platelet aggregation.
- Lowers fever.
Will cause bleeding as an adverse effect.
Causes pain, fever, and inflammation:
- Prostaglandins
- NSAIDS
- Steroids
- COX enzymes
- Arachidonic acid
Prostaglandins
Drug to drug interaction can affect drug response. An example would be:
- Taking Vitamin C while taking Iron.
- Eating aged cheese while taking Monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
- Eating citrus fruit while taking Iron.
- Having a condition such as Chronic Kidney Disease.
Taking Vitamin C while taking Iron.
Enzyme responsible for the production of leukotrienes:
- Arachidonic acid
- COX-1
- COX-2
- Phospholipase
- Lipoxygenase
Lipoxygenase
Enzyme responsible for the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes:
- Lipoxygenase
- Arachidonic acid
- Cyclooxygenase
- Prostaglandins
- Phospholipase
Cyclooxygenase
How glucocorticoids achieve its anti-inflammatory effects:
- None of the choices.
- Inhibit cyclooxygenase.
- Increases blood glucose.
- Inhibit phospholipase A2.
- Destroys arachidonic acid.
Inhibit phospholipase A2.
Mefenamic acid:
- Dolfenal
- Alaxan
- Aspirin
- Arcoxia
- Glucocorticoid
Dolfenal
Not true of Paracetamol:
- Also known as acetaminophen.
- A pain reliever.
- Anti-platelet aggregant
- Analgesic
- Is a generic name.
Anti-platelet aggregant
Pain relievers:
- Anti-pyretic
- Analgesic
- Anti-platelet
- Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic
Pharmacodynamics:
- Is the study of how it is absorbed by the body, how it is distributed and eliminated by the body.
- Is the study of how the body deals with the drug.
- Is the study of what the drug does to the body.
- None of the above.
Is the study of what the drug does to the body.
Pharmacokinetics:
- Is the study of how it is absorbed by the body, how it is distributed and eliminated by the body.
- Is the study of how the body deals with the drug.
- Both A and B.
- None of the above.
- Is the study of how it is absorbed by the body, how it is distributed and eliminated by the body.
- Is the study of how the body deals with the drug.
Primary site for excretion:
- Liver
- Large Intestine
- Kidney
- Lungs
Kidney
Primary site involved in metabolism:
- Heart
- Large Intestine
- Liver
- Stomach
Liver
Side effect:
- Is harm directly caused at normal doses.
- Is an expected or known effect and is unintended.
- Is an expected or known effect and is intended.
- Is harm directly caused at excess doses.
Is an expected or known effect and is unintended.
This drug increases the affinity of GABA that increases the influx of chloride ions at the postsynaptic cell:
- Diazepam
- Dantrolene sodium
- Baclofen
- Botulinum toxin
Diazepam
This is the study of specific drugs to prevent, treat, or diagnose a disease:
- Pharmacodynamics
- Pharmacotherapeutics
- Pharmacokinetics
- Toxicology
Pharmacotherapeutics
Toxicology is the study of:
- How the body deals with the drug.
- Harmful effects of drugs.
- Specific drugs to prevent or diagnose diseases.
- Therapeutic effects of drugs.
Harmful effects of drugs.
What drug inhibits the release of excitatory neurotransmitters at the terminal?
- Dantrolene sodium
- Diazepam
- Baclofen
- None of the above.
Baclofen
What drug prevents calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
- Dantrolene sodium
- Diazepam
- Baclofen
- None of the above.
Dantrolene sodium
Which of the following is a barbiturate?
- Phenobarbital
- Lorazepam
- Diazepam
- Zolpidem
Phenobarbital
Which of the following anti-spastic drugs/muscle relaxants are peripherally-acting?
- Baclofen
- Diazepam
- Tizanidine
- Dantrolene
Dantrolene
Which of the following anti-spastic drugs/muscle relaxants are centrally-acting?
- Botulinum toxin
- Baclofen
- Dantrolene
- None of the above.
Baclofen
Which of the following inhibits the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic terminal at the skeletal neuromuscular junction?
- Botulinum toxin
- Baclofen
- Dantrolene sodium
- Diazepam
Botulinum toxin
Which of the following is a non-benzodiazepine?
- Diazepam
- Zolpidem
- Alprazolam
- Phenobarbital
Zolpidem
Which of the following is true about barbiturates?
- Barbiturates increase the activity of excitatory neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and glutamate.
- Barbiturates inhibit the effect of GABA.
- Barbiturates can hold the ion channel open continuously for long periods of time.
- At higher doses, they are unable to mimic GABA activity.
Barbiturates can hold the ion channel open continuously for long periods of time.
Which of the following is true about gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)?
- GABA has a tranquilizing effect on emotions and prevents us from becoming overwhelmed in stressful situations.
- GABA is a major excitatory neurotransmitter.
- Both statements are true.
- None of the statements are true.
GABA has a tranquilizing effect on emotions and prevents us from becoming overwhelmed in stressful situations.
Which route is the easiest, safest, and most convenient to use for drug administration?
- Rectal
- Transdermal
- Sublingual
- Oral
Oral
