Exams Flashcards
A 25-year old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis has been taking medications for 3 months now. Two weeks ago, she complains of problem with her vision. What is the likely drug that may cause this symptom?
- Isoniazid
- Ethambutol
- Streptomycin
- Rifampicin
Ethambutol
A benzodiazepam:
- Alprazolam
- Diazepam
- Lorazepam
- None of the above.
- Alprazolam
- Diazepam
- Lorazepam
A known side effect of immunosuppressants:
- There is enhanced system function.
- There is increased antibody production.
- Patients are more prone to infection.
- Patients feel better about themselves.
Patients are more prone to infection.
A non-benzodiazepine:
- Alprazolam
- Diazepam
- Zolpidem
- Lorazepam
Zolpidem
A patient complains of hearing problem that started three days after starting an antibiotic. Which is the most likely antibiotic the patient is taking?
- Streptomycin
- Cefalexin
- Sulfamethoxazole
- Isoniazid
Streptomycin
A patient on anti TB drugs complains of dizziness. Which drugs is most likely causing the symptom?
- Streptomycin
- Pyrazinamide
- Isoniazid
- Ethambutol
Streptomycin (?)
A skeletal muscle relaxant:
- Dantrolene sodium
- Zolpidem
- Alprazolam
- Diazepam
Dantrolene sodium (?)
Action of Paracetamol:
- Anti-inflammatory
- Anti-platelet
- Anti-coagulation
- Anti-pyresis
Anti-pyresis (?)
Actions of NSAIDS include:
- Anti-inflammatory
- Anti-platelet
- Antipyresis
- None of the Above.
- Anti-inflammatory
- Anti-platelet
- Antipyresis
Acts on Alpha-2 receptors:
- Diazepam
- Tizanidine
- Baclofen
- All of the above.
Tizanidine
Acts on GABA-A receptors:
- Diazepam
- Tizanidine
- Alprazolam
- All of the above.
Diazepam
Advantage of use of acetaminophen or paracetamol:
- Is an NSAID.
- Has anti-coagulant effects.
- Not associated with upper GI tract irritation.
- Has anti-inflammatory effects.
Not associated with upper GI tract irritation. (?)
Adverse effects of chemotherapy, except:
- Diarrhea
- Extrapyramidal symptoms
- Hair loss
- Nausea, vomiting
- Pain
Extrapyramidal symptoms
After taking Biphosphonates, we advise the patient that he/she should lie down for better drug absorption.
- True
- False
False
An angiotensin receptor blocker:
- Nifedipine
- Losartan
- Amlodipine
- Furosemide
Losartan
An anti-diabetic drug that decreases triglyceride and LDL levels as well as enhances weight loss:
- Acarbose
- Glipizide
- Metformin
- Repaglinide
Metformin (?)
An anti-diabetic drug that induces secretion of insulin from the beta cells:
- Acarbose
- Gliclazide
- Metformin
- Rosiglitazone
Gliclazide
Anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids include:
- Suppress the transcription of genes involved in inflammation.
- Inhibit the phospholipase A2 which release arachidonic acid from the cell membrane.
- Stabilize lysosomal membranes, thereby making them less fragile and susceptible to rupture.
- Decrease vascular permeability that helps control swelling and erythema at the site of inflammation.
- None of the choices.
- Suppress the transcription of genes involved in inflammation.
- Inhibit the phospholipase A2 which release arachidonic acid from the cell membrane.
- Stabilize lysosomal membranes, thereby making them less fragile and susceptible to rupture.
- Decrease vascular permeability that helps control swelling and erythema at the site of inflammation.
(?)
Antibiotics causing increased sensitivity to UV light EXCEPT:
- Ciprofloxacin
- Sulfamethoxazole
- Doxycycline
- Bacitracin
Bacitracin
Antibiotics used for TB are:
- Rifampicin
- Isosorbide Dinitrate
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol
(?)
Antineoplastic drugs, except:
- Docetaxel
- Vinblastine
- Methotrexate
- Daunorubicin
- Isoprinosine
Isoprinosine
Bactericidal:
- Inhibits the growth of infection.
- Eradicates the infection.
- Needs the host immune system to battle infection.
- Given to immunocompetent patients.
Eradicates the infection. (?)
Benzodiazepines increase the affinity of GABA that increases the influx of:
- Na ions
- Cl ions
- K ions
- Ca ions
Cl ions
Blocks calcium entry into myocardial and vascular smooth-muscle cells causing it relax:
- Furosemide
- Irbesartan
- Amlodipine
- Metoprolol
Amlodipine
Bronchodilators:
- Salmeterol
- Salbutamol
- Theophylline
- None of the choices.
- Salmeterol
- Salbutamol
- Theophylline
By mouth:
- I.V.
- I.M.
- P.O.
- A.C.
P.O.
Chemo drugs that may cause peripheral neuropathy:
- Cisplatin, Vinca alkaloids, and Doxorubicin only.
- Bleomycin, Vinca alkaloids and Taxanes only.
- Vinca alkaloids and Taxanes only.
- Taxanes only.
Vinca alkaloids and Taxanes only.
Correct pair/s of drug administration?
- Enteral – sublingual
- Enteral – oral
- Enteral – rectal
- Parenteral – inhalation
- None of the choices.
- Enteral – sublingual
- Enteral – oral
- Enteral – rectal
- Parenteral – inhalation
Dantrolene specifically affects:
- Smooth muscles
- Cardiac muscles
- Skeletal muscles
- None of the above.
Smooth muscles (?)
Decongestant:
- Ephedrine
- Loratadine
- Brompheniramine
- Dimenhydrinate
Ephedrine
Decongestant:
- Anticholinergic
- Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist
- Beta-adrenergic agonist
- Leukotriene
Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist
Decongestant, except:
- Pseudoephedrine
- Dextromethorphan
- Phenyleprine
- Oxymetazoline
Dextromethorphan (?)
Enhance the immune response, except:
- Thalidomide
- Imiquimod
- Glucocorticoids
- Interferons (α, β, γ)
- Interleukins
Glucocorticoids (?)
Examples of cephalosphorins EXCEPT:
- Ceftriaxone
- Cefoperazone
- Cefaclor
- Celecoxib
Celecoxib
Expectorants:
- Facilitate the production and ejection of mucus.
- Decrease the viscosity of respiratory secretions.
- Treat respiratory allergies or allergic cough.
- To suppress an annoying dry cough.
Facilitate the production and ejection of mucus.
For annoying dry cough:
- Montelukast
- Reloxifen
- Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine
- None of the choices.
None of the choices. (Antitussives)
Give to avoid rejection of transplanted organs:
- Thalidomide
- Imiquimod
- Glucocorticoids
- Interferons (α, β, γ)
- Interleukins
Glucocorticoids
Given for moderate to severe pain:
- Acetaminophen
- Glucocorticoids
- NSAIDs
- Opioids
- Aspirin
Opioids
Given to enhance immunity against infectious diseases:
- Colony stimulating factor
- Resiquimod
- Isoprinosine
- All of the choices.
- None of the choices.
- Colony stimulating factor
- Resiquimod
- Isoprinosine
Glucocorticoids
- increase blood glucose and liver glycogen.
- facilitates the breakdown of muscle into amino acids.
- facilitates the breakdown of lipids into free fatty acids.
- None of the choices.
- increase blood glucose and liver glycogen.
- facilitates the breakdown of muscle into amino acids.
- facilitates the breakdown of lipids into free fatty acids.
Glucocorticoids inhibit which enzyme to prevent release of arachidonic acid from the cell membrane:
- Lypoxygenase
- Phospholipase
- HMG-CoA
- None of the Above.
Phospholipase
Increases myocardial contractility:
- Verapamil
- Digoxin
- Nifedipine
- Captopril
Digoxin (?)
Inhibits sugar breakdown in the intestines and delay glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal tract:
- Acarbose
- Metformin
- Rosiglitazone
- Repaglinide
Acarbose
Management of Osteoporosis include:
- Anabolics
- Estrogen
- Vitamin D Analogs
- Calcium Supplements
- None of the Above
- Anabolics
- Estrogen
- Vitamin D Analogs
- Calcium Supplements
Means “without”:
- s
- o
- c
- d
- q
s
Mucolytics:
- Facilitate the production and ejection of mucus.
- Decrease the viscosity of respiratory secretions.
- Treat respiratory allergies or allergic cough.
- To suppress an annoying dry cough.
Decrease the viscosity of respiratory secretions.
Muscle relaxants can be used for this condition:
- Stroke
- Spinal Cord Injury
- Multiple Sclerosis
- None of the above.
- Stroke
- Spinal Cord Injury
- Multiple Sclerosis
Non-Opioid Analgesic:
- Tramadol
- Codeine
- Fentanyl
- Aspirin
Aspirin
Non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors inhibit:
- COX 1 only
- COX 2 only
- Both 1 & 2
- None of the above.
Both 1 & 2
Not an antitussive:
- Codeine
- Dextromethorphan
- Montelukast
- Diphenhydramine
- Hydrocodone
Montelukast (?)
NOT TRUE of Paracetamol:
- A generic name.
- A trade name.
- A component in Biogesic.
- All of the choices.
- None of the choices.
A trade name.
Paracetamol causes relief of fever:
- Adverse drug effect
- Side effect
- Toxic effect
- Therapeutic effect
- None of the choices.
Therapeutic effect
Patients with osteoporosis will not know they have the disease until they fracture.
- True
- False
True (?)
Pharmacokinetics include the following:
- Absorption
- Elimination
- Distribution
- None of the choices.
- Absorption
- Elimination
- Distribution
Responsible for the different responses to drugs, EXCEPT:
- Age
- Sex
- Diet
- Medical condition
- Cost of drug
Cost of drug
Route to administer laxatives and suppositories:
- Injection
- Rectal
- Parenteral
- Oral
- Topical
Rectal
Routes passing through the skin:
- Topical
- Transdermal
- Both
- Neither
- Topical
- Transdermal
Site of action of oral hypoglycemic agent Metformin is:
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Muscle
- Intestine
Liver
SL means:
- Under the tongue
- Sublingual
- An enteral route
- None of the choices
- Under the tongue
- Sublingual
- An enteral route
Suppresses the immune response except:
- Polyclonal antibodies
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Rh (D) immune globulin
- Interleukin
Interleukin
The analysis of what the drug does to the body:
- Toxicology
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics
- Pharmacology
- Pharmacy
Pharmacodynamics
The following are barbiturates EXCEPT:
- Zolpidem
- Pentobarbital
- Phenobarbital
- Secobarbital
Zolpidem
The following are side effects of Metformin:
- Vit B12 malabsorption
- Rashes
- Lactic acidosis
- All of the above.
- Vit B12 malabsorption
- Rashes
- Lactic acidosis
(?)
The following are the effects of estrogen in the prevention of osteoporosis EXCEPT:
- Slow down apoptosis of osteoclasts.
- Decrease activation of bone remodeling.
- Maintain bone formation.
- None of the above.
None of the above. (?)
The following are the general strategies for the pharmacologic treatment of hypertension EXCEPT:
- Increase renal blood flow
- Vasodilation of blood vessels.
- Prevents aldosterone secretion.
- Facilitate conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin.
Facilitate conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin. (?)
The following drugs are sulfonylureas except:
- Glimepiride
- Repaglinide
- Glibenclamide
- Gliclazide
Repaglinide
The length of time for bone formation is the same as the time it takes for bone resorption.
- True
- False
False
The score that is needed for the diagnosis of osteoporosis is:
- T-score
- Z-score
T-score
Thiazoldinediones except:
- Pioglitazone
- Sitagliptin
- Rosiglitazone
- Metformin
Metformin
This anti-coagulant drug interferes with Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors:
- Dabigatran
- Enoxaparin
- Warfarin
- Lepirudin
Warfarin
This drug can cause sedation:
- Diazepam
- Tizanidine
- Baclofen
- None of the above.
- Diazepam
- Tizanidine
- Baclofen
This drug is used in the emergency treatment of coronary artery thrombosis:
- Abxicimab
- Bivalirudin
- Streptokinase
- Riavaroxaban
Streptokinase
Toxicology is a branch of:
- Pharmacotherapeutics
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics
- Pharmacology
- None of the choices.
Pharmacology
True of COX 2:
- Present if there is inflammation
- Present in most tissues.
- Physiologic
- Found in GI tract.
Physiologic
Vaccine to stimulate production of antibodies against Tuberculosis:
- Bacillus Calmette‑Guerin (BCG)
- Basiliximab
- Colony stimulating factor
- Cyclophosphamide
- Rh (D) immune globulin
Bacillus Calmette‑Guerin (BCG)
Which anti-TB drug can cause muscle and joint pain?
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol
- Streptomycin
- Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
Which does not refer to Botulinum toxin administration?
- Intramuscular
- Parenteral route
- Injection
- Enteral
- Needing a syringe/needle
Enteral
Which drug prevents conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II?
- Captopril
- Irbesartan
- Bisoprolol
- Furosemide
Captopril
Which drugs are calcium channel blockers?
- Atenolol
- Atorvastatin
- Amlodipine
- Hydrochlorothiazide
Amlodipine
Which is a usual side effect of Meglitinides?
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperglycemia
- GI disturbances
- Headache
Hypoglycemia
Which is an ACE inhibitor?
- Nifedipine
- Labetolol
- Amlodipine
- Captopril
Captopril
Which of the following can induce osteoporosis when the level is increased beyond normal?
- Calcitonin
- Parathyroid hormone
- Estrogen
- Glucagon
Parathyroid hormone
Which of the following cells is responsible for bone formation?
- Osteocytes
- Osteoblasts
- Osteoclasts
- Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Which of the following does NOT causes sensitivity to UV lights?
- Tetracyclines
- Fluoroquinolones
- Sulfonamides
- Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins
Which of the following drugs improve insulin resistance?
- Acarbose
- Sitagliptin
- Metformin
- Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone (?)
Which of the following facilitates deposition of calcium to the bone in the event of high serum calcium?
- Estrogen
- Parathyroid hormone
- Calcitonin
- Cholecalciferol
Calcitonin (?)
Which of the following is FALSE?
- Insulin is the treatment for Type 1 diabetes.
- Oral antidiabetic agents are the preferred treatment for Type 1 diabetes.
- Insulin is the treatment for juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus.
- All statements are true.
Oral antidiabetic agents are the preferred treatment for Type 1 diabetes. (?)
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for osteoporosis?
- Advance age
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Chronic steroid intake
Advance age (?)
Which of the following is the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis?
- Central DEXA
- CT scan
- MRI
- X-ray
Central DEXA
Which of the following patients will most likely to have primary osteoporosis?
- 62-year-old female, menopause
- 65-year-old male with COPD
- 43-year-old female on steroid therapy
- All of the above.
62-year-old female, menopause
Which of the following will lead to bone loss?
- Activation of osteoclasts.
- Slowing of osteoblasts.
- Increased rate of bone remodeling.
- None of the above.
- Activation of osteoclasts.
- Slowing of osteoblasts.
- Increased rate of bone remodeling.
Which of the following should be used with caution in patients with bronchial asthma?
- Diuretics
- Beta-blockers
- Calcium-channel blockers
- Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
Beta-blockers
Which of these pairs is not correctly matched to its mechanism of action?
- Cephalosporins - Inhibition of cell wall synthesis.
- Macrolides – Inhibition of protein synthesis.
- Aminoglycoside – Inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis.
- Fluoroquinolones – Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis.
Aminoglycoside – Inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis. (?)
Which statement is FALSE?
- Platelets that aggregate lead to coagulation and thrombosis.
- Anti-platelets as drugs are taken to avoid thrombosis.
- Aspirin inhibits phospholipase A2.
- Low doses of aspirin are effective in preventing thrombus formation.
- Aspirin is a non-selective NSAID which means both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes are inhibited.
Platelets that aggregate lead to coagulation and thrombosis. (?)
Will make lung secretions less viscous?
- Carbocisteine
- Acetylcysteine
- Bromhexine
- Ambroxol
- None of the choices.
- Carbocisteine
- Acetylcysteine
- Bromhexine
- Ambroxol
Will stop cancer cells from multiplying:
- Azathioprine
- Steroids
- Methotrexate
- Colony stimulating factor
- Levamisole
Methotrexate
Women continuously lose bone mass and is accelerated after menopause.
- True
- False
True
You have a patient complaining of abdominal pain each time you have a PT session in the morning. She is currently on Aspirin. Using your knowledge in Pharmacology, which is the BEST question to ask?
- Do you have a feeling of bloatedness?
- Do you take Paracetamol in the morning?
- Did you take your NSAIDS before or after breakfast?
- Did you shower today?
Did you take your NSAIDS before or after breakfast?
“as needed”:
- P.N.R
- T.I.D
- B.I.D
- P.R.N
- NOCT.
P.R.N
Which of the following is an antitussive?
- Codeine
- Ipatropium
- Fluticasone
- Theophylline
Codeine
