Introduction To Pharmacology Flashcards
Define pharmacology
The study of the biological effects of chemicals
What is pharmacotherapeutics?
A branch of pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease.
Name the sources of drugs
Plants, animal products, inorganic compounds, and synthetic sources
Name and describe the steps in the drug evaluation process
Preclinical Trials: Chemicals test on laboratory animals
Phase I Studies: Chemicals tested on healthy human volunteers
Phase II Studies: Drugs tried on informed patients with the disease
Phase III Studies: Drugs used in the vast clinical market for those with the disease
Phase IV Studies: Continual evaluation of the drug
Describe the schedules of controlled substances
Schedule I: High abuse potential and no accepted medical use
Schedule II: High abuse potential with severe dependence liability
Schedule III: Less abuse potential than schedule II drugs and moderate dependence liability
Schedule IV: Less abuse potential than schedule III and limited dependence liability
Schedule V: Limited abuse potential. Limited quantities may be purchased without prescription; must be 18 years of age
What are the 3 types of drug names?
Chemical: named based upon the bonds
Generic: not brand name products i.e.: ibuprofen
Trade (brand): name given to a drug from the pharmaceutical company that developed it i.e.: Motrin, Advil
What is pharmacodynamics?
Interactions between living organisms and foreign chemicals
Define what an agonist does
Mimics what a normal chemical would do
Define what an antagonist does
Blocks a response
Name and describe the types of adverse reactions
Primary Actions: Overdose - extension of the desired effect
Secondary Actions: Undesired effects produced in addition to the pharmacologic effect
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Excessive response to the primary or secondary effect of the drug
What are the 5 activities involved in pharmacokinetics?
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Half Life
