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Pharmacology: Unit 1 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Define antibiotics

A

Chemicals that inhibit specific bacteria

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2
Q

Define Bacteriostatic

A

Prevents the growth of bacteria

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3
Q

Define Bactericidal

A

Kills bacteria directly

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4
Q

Gram-positive

A

The cell wall retains a stain or resists decolonization with alcohol

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5
Q

Gram-negative

A

The cell wall loses a stain or is decolorized by alcohol

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6
Q

What is the prototype for Aminoglycosides?

A

Gentamicin (Garamycin)

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7
Q

What is the prototype for Cephalosporins?

A

Cefaclor (ceclor)

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8
Q

What is the prototype for Fluoroquinolones?

A

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

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9
Q

Which drugs are considered Macrolides?

A

Azithromycin & Erythromycin

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10
Q

What is the prototype for Penicillin?

A

Amoxicillin

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11
Q

What is the prototype for Sulfonamides?

A

Cotrimoxazole (Bacterium, Septra)

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12
Q

What kind of drugs are categorized as antimycobacterials?

A

Antituberculosis & Leprostatic

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13
Q

Which kind of drug treats serious infections caused by gram-negative aerobic bacilli by inhibiting protein synthesis?

A

Aminoglycosides

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14
Q

Define the pharmacokinetics of Aminoglycosides

A

Poorly absorbed in the GI tract, metabolized in the liver, and excreted in the urine.

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15
Q

What are the adverse effects of Aminoglycosides?

A

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

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16
Q

Which drugs will cause a drug-drug interaction with Aminoglycosides?

A

Diuretics and neuromuscular blockers

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17
Q

Which drug treats infections by susceptible bacteria by interfering with the cell-wall-building ability of bacteria.

A

Cephalosporins

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18
Q

Are cephalosporins Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal?

A

Both

19
Q

What are the contraindications of cephalosporins?

A

Allergies to cephalosporins or penicillins

20
Q

What are the adverse effects of cephalosporins?

A

GI tract effects

21
Q

What are the drugs that will cause a drug-drug interaction with cephalosporins?

A

Aminoglycosides, oral anticoagulants, and alcohol

22
Q

Which drug treats strains of gram-negative bacteria, including, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin infections by interfering with DNA replication?

A

Fluoroquinolones

23
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Fluoroquinolones?

A

Absorbed in the GI tract, metabolized in the liver, excrete in the urine and feces

24
Q

What are the contraindications of Fluoroquinolones?

A

Allergies, pregnancy, and lactation

25
Q

Headache, dizziness, and GI upset are adverse effects of what drugs?

A

Fluoroquinolones

26
Q

Antacids, quinidine, and theophylline will cause a drug-drug interaction with what type of drug?

A

Fluoroquinolones

27
Q

Drug that treats respiratory, dermatologic, urinary tract, and GI infections by binding to cell membranes and causing change in protein function and cell death?

A

Macrolides

28
Q

Are Macrolides Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal?

A

Both

29
Q

Which drug is absorbed in the GI tract, metabolized in the liver, and excreted in the bile to feces?

A

Macrolides

30
Q

Digoxin, oral anticoagulants, theophylline, and corticosteroids will cause a drug-drug interaction with what type of drugs?

A

Macrolides

31
Q

When would you not give a patient Azithromycin or erythromycin?

A

When the patient has an allergy of hepatic dysfunction

32
Q

These types of drugs treat infections such as, streptococcal, pneumococcal, and staphylococcal bacteria by inhibiting synthesis of the cell wall in susceptible bacteria

A

Penicillins

33
Q

Which type of drug is absorbed in the GI tract, metabolized in the liver, excreted unchanged in the urine, and SHOULD be taken on an empty stomach?

A

Penicillins

34
Q

When would you not give a patient a penicillin based drug?

A

When the patient has an allergy, has renal disease, is pregnant or is lactating.

35
Q

What are the adverse effects of penicillin drugs?

A

GI effects, superinfections, bone marrow suppression

36
Q

Which drugs will cause a drug-drug interaction with penicillin based drugs?

A

Tetracyclines and Aminoglycosides

37
Q

This drug treats infections caused by gram-negative and gram-positive by interfering with cell-wall-building ability of dividing bacteria?

A

Sulfonamides

38
Q

When should you not given a patient a sulfonamide drug?

A

When the patient has an allergy or is pregnant

39
Q

Thiazide diuretics and sulfonylureas will cause a drug-drug interaction with which type of drug?

A

Sulfonamides

40
Q

This drug treats acid-fast bacteria by acting on DNA of the bacteria

A

Antimycobacterials

41
Q

When a patient has an allergy, renal or hepatic failure, you would not give them this drug

A

Antimycobacterials

42
Q

What are the adverse effects of antimycobacterials?

A

GI irritation and CNS effects

43
Q

Rifampin and INH can cause a drug-drug interaction with these types of drugs

A

Antimycobacterials

Pharmacology: Unit 1 (12 decks)

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