Introduction to Pathology Flashcards
DEFINE pathology
study of disease
define histology
study of cells and tissue microscopy
Define Histopathology
the study diseased cells and tissue by microscopy
what is epidemiology
population disitbtuionn
what is aetiology
what is the underlying cause of the disease
what is risk factors
Behaviour or characteristics that increase risk of developing
what is pathogenesis
what is the mechnsima that causes disease
what is clinical features
how does it manifest clinically i.e how does it present
what is MACROscopic -
what does it look like to the naked eye
what is MICROscopic -
what does it look like under the microscope
what are complications
what problems does It cause short/long term
what is prognosis
what is the anticipated course of the disease e.g cure, survival
what is general pathology
basic pathological mechanisms that applied to different body systems
- inflammation
- neoplasia
what is primary vs secondary - disease causation , stages of disease
list prefixes that are worth knowing
list suffixes that are worth knowing
what is the GOLD standard for tissue diagnosis
what are the 4 steps of histology treatment
what are the 10 stages of histological preparation
what happens in step 1
surgical excision of the lesion
what is Step 2 and the types used
tissue fixation
what is the main tissue fixation
what are other tissue fixations
What is Step 3 - ‘ Cut up’/ block selection
Slice to thin sections
Glass slides
30-40 glass slides
Normal tissue
Formalin- fixed - goes funny colour
Slices - are in tissue
what is tissue processing
why can’t we just drop tissue into wax
What is section cutting/ mounting
what is the most common stain
Describe how antibodies are against specific protein target
Describe microscopy and section scanning
- digital pathology is here - AI
what can some histology of the tongue lesion show
- infiltrative tumour invading mucosa/submucosa
- A tumour arising form surface squamous epithelium of tongue
- Lobules of tumour invading into tongue skeletal muscle
- surface ulceration
- vary abnormal
- Brisk mitotic activity
- Tumour necrosis
- Tumour invades down at least 10mm from surface
- Tumour is in blood vessels
- But the tumour is well clear of the surgical margin e.g it is completely excised
- The tumour is positive for CK5/6 which is a marker of squamous epithelium
what has histology/immunohistochemistry on this lesion told us
