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illness and wellbeing > Introduction to Pathology > Flashcards

Introduction to Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

DEFINE pathology

A

study of disease

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2
Q

define histology

A

study of cells and tissue microscopy

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3
Q

Define Histopathology

A

the study diseased cells and tissue by microscopy

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4
Q

what is epidemiology

A

population disitbtuionn

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5
Q

what is aetiology

A

what is the underlying cause of the disease

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6
Q

what is risk factors

A

Behaviour or characteristics that increase risk of developing

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7
Q

what is pathogenesis

A

what is the mechnsima that causes disease

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8
Q

what is clinical features

A

how does it manifest clinically i.e how does it present

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9
Q

what is MACROscopic -

A

what does it look like to the naked eye

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10
Q

what is MICROscopic -

A

what does it look like under the microscope

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11
Q

what are complications

A

what problems does It cause short/long term

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12
Q

what is prognosis

A

what is the anticipated course of the disease e.g cure, survival

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13
Q

what is general pathology

A

basic pathological mechanisms that applied to different body systems
- inflammation
- neoplasia

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14
Q

what is primary vs secondary - disease causation , stages of disease

A
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15
Q

list prefixes that are worth knowing

A
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16
Q

list suffixes that are worth knowing

A
17
Q

what is the GOLD standard for tissue diagnosis

A
18
Q

what are the 4 steps of histology treatment

A
19
Q

what are the 10 stages of histological preparation

A
20
Q

what happens in step 1

A

surgical excision of the lesion

21
Q

what is Step 2 and the types used

A

tissue fixation

22
Q

what is the main tissue fixation

A
23
Q

what are other tissue fixations

A
24
Q

What is Step 3 - ‘ Cut up’/ block selection

A

Slice to thin sections
Glass slides
30-40 glass slides
Normal tissue
Formalin- fixed - goes funny colour
Slices - are in tissue

25
Q

what is tissue processing

A
26
Q

why can’t we just drop tissue into wax

A
27
Q

What is section cutting/ mounting

A
27
Q

what is the most common stain

A
28
Q

Describe how antibodies are against specific protein target

A
29
Q

Describe microscopy and section scanning

A
  • digital pathology is here - AI
30
Q

what can some histology of the tongue lesion show

A
  • infiltrative tumour invading mucosa/submucosa
  • A tumour arising form surface squamous epithelium of tongue
  • Lobules of tumour invading into tongue skeletal muscle
  • surface ulceration
  • vary abnormal
  • Brisk mitotic activity
  • Tumour necrosis
  • Tumour invades down at least 10mm from surface
  • Tumour is in blood vessels
  • But the tumour is well clear of the surgical margin e.g it is completely excised
  • The tumour is positive for CK5/6 which is a marker of squamous epithelium
31
Q

what has histology/immunohistochemistry on this lesion told us

A
32
Q
A
33
Q
A

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