Haemodynamic disorders Flashcards
describe step 1 of heamostasis
Describe step 2 of Haemostasis
These granules secrets recruit more platelets
Describe step 3 of Haemostasis
Mediated through coagulation cascade
Tissue factor is exposed
Activates coagulation cascade
Thrombin cleaves fibrinogen
Fibrin stabilises clot
Describe the coagulation cascade
Disruption to blood vessel
Expose tissue factor
Activates cascade and more enzymes
Converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
Describe step 4 of Haemostasis
Close regulation of clotting
Fibrinolysis
Secreted from normal endothelial cells from damage
Plasmin degrades fibrin
Prevents clot benign propagated
how is clotting regulated
Blood dilution of coagulation factors
How does normal endothelial cells stabilise clot and repsorption
What is atherosclerosis and how does it occur
How does a normal artery progress into advanced vulnerable plaque
How does atherosclerosis lead to myocardial ischaemia
Atherscletoritc cap - thrombus formation
Common cause of myocardial infarction
what is thrombosis
what is thrombus
How does thrombosis occur
What 3 factors contribute to thrombosis
how does endothelial injury contribute to thrombosis
How does abnormal blood flow contribute to thrombosis
Stasis apply general in veins but it can be arteries
Abnormal blood flow promote thrombosis
How does hyperocagulability contribute to thrombosis
Describe the difference between arterial vs venous thrombosis
what is embolisation?
What happens after thrombosis
what is embolism
what are almost all emboli types of
what are the other types of emboli
Infection on heart valves
Break off and pass of one point to another
Gas embolism
Amniotic fluid passes to mothers blood bloodstream
Fat cna break off and cause symptoms
How can you classify emboli by their location
what is pulmonary embolism
what is the classical history of pulmonary embolism
in -situ pulmonary artery thrombosis is rare
how do large pulmonary vessels effect embolism
What is paradoxical embolism
where does systematic thromboembolism occur and which other sources can it come form
what is hypoxia
what are causes of hypoxia
what is ischaemia?
Which is better Ischaemia or generalised hypoxia
what is reperfusion of ishcamic tissues
How harmful is ischaemia?
What is ischaemia and infarction
Is treating ischaemia a good thing?
What is Ischaemia injury
Is this Ischameia reperfusion injury clinically relevant
Describe THE pathologic EFFECTS OF ROS production
Describe the morphology of infarction
why are most infarcts wedge shaped
what is the types of necrosis seen in infection
Coagulative necrosis
What type of necrosis is seen in the Brian
colliquative necrosis - no connective tissue framework
If a person dies suddenly what do you see in the tissues
Describe the gross features and microscopic features of morphology of infarction
What is Gangrene
infarction of entire portion of limb
Describe 3 different types of gangrene
