Haemodynamic disorders

Question 1

describe step 1 of heamostasis

Answer 1

Question 2

Describe step 2 of Haemostasis

Answer 2

These granules secrets recruit more platelets

Question 3

Describe step 3 of Haemostasis

Answer 3

Mediated through coagulation cascade
Tissue factor is exposed
Activates coagulation cascade
Thrombin cleaves fibrinogen
Fibrin stabilises clot

Question 4

Describe the coagulation cascade

Answer 4

Disruption to blood vessel
Expose tissue factor
Activates cascade and more enzymes
Converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin

Question 5

Describe step 4 of Haemostasis

Answer 5

Close regulation of clotting
Fibrinolysis
Secreted from normal endothelial cells from damage
Plasmin degrades fibrin
Prevents clot benign propagated

Question 6

how is clotting regulated

Answer 6

Blood dilution of coagulation factors

Question 7

How does normal endothelial cells stabilise clot and repsorption

Answer 7

Question 8

What is atherosclerosis and how does it occur

Answer 8

Question 9

How does a normal artery progress into advanced vulnerable plaque

Answer 9

Question 9

How does atherosclerosis lead to myocardial ischaemia

Answer 9

Atherscletoritc cap - thrombus formation
Common cause of myocardial infarction

Question 10

what is thrombosis

Answer 10

Question 11

what is thrombus

Answer 11

Question 12

How does thrombosis occur

Answer 12

Question 13

What 3 factors contribute to thrombosis

Answer 13

Question 14

how does endothelial injury contribute to thrombosis

Answer 14

Question 15

How does abnormal blood flow contribute to thrombosis

Answer 15

Stasis apply general in veins but it can be arteries
Abnormal blood flow promote thrombosis

Question 16

How does hyperocagulability contribute to thrombosis

Answer 16

Question 17

Describe the difference between arterial vs venous thrombosis

Answer 17

Question 18

what is embolisation?

Answer 18

Question 18

What happens after thrombosis

Answer 18

Question 19

what is embolism

Answer 19

Question 20

what are almost all emboli types of

Answer 20

Question 21

what are the other types of emboli

Answer 21

Infection on heart valves
Break off and pass of one point to another
Gas embolism
Amniotic fluid passes to mothers blood bloodstream
Fat cna break off and cause symptoms

Question 22

How can you classify emboli by their location

Answer 22

Question 23

what is pulmonary embolism

Answer 23

Question 24

what is the classical history of pulmonary embolism

Answer 24

in -situ pulmonary artery thrombosis is rare

Question 25

how do large pulmonary vessels effect embolism

Answer 25

Question 26

What is paradoxical embolism

Answer 26

Question 27

where does systematic thromboembolism occur and which other sources can it come form

Answer 27

Question 28

what is hypoxia

Answer 28

Question 29

what are causes of hypoxia

Answer 29

Question 30

what is ischaemia?

Answer 30

Question 31

Which is better Ischaemia or generalised hypoxia

Answer 31

Question 32

what is reperfusion of ishcamic tissues

Answer 32

Question 33

How harmful is ischaemia?

Answer 33

Question 34

What is ischaemia and infarction

Answer 34

Question 35

Is treating ischaemia a good thing?

Answer 35

Question 36

What is Ischaemia injury

Answer 36

Question 37

Is this Ischameia reperfusion injury clinically relevant

Answer 37

Question 38

Describe THE pathologic EFFECTS OF ROS production

Answer 38

Question 39

Describe the morphology of infarction

Answer 39

Question 40

why are most infarcts wedge shaped

Answer 40

Question 41

what is the types of necrosis seen in infection

Answer 41

Coagulative necrosis

Question 42

What type of necrosis is seen in the Brian

Answer 42

colliquative necrosis - no connective tissue framework

Question 43

If a person dies suddenly what do you see in the tissues

Answer 43

Question 44

Describe the gross features and microscopic features of morphology of infarction

Answer 44

Question 45

What is Gangrene

Answer 45

infarction of entire portion of limb

Question 46

Describe 3 different types of gangrene

Answer 46