Introduction to Parsitology

Question 1

Symbiosis

Answer 1

both partners of the associate benefit from each other

Question 2

Commensalism

Answer 2

one partner benefits, the other is unaffected

Question 3

parasitism

Answer 3

one organism benefits at the expense of the other

Question 4

ectoparasite

Answer 4

live on the surface of their host (ticks and mites)

Question 5

endoparasite

Answer 5

live within the body of the host

Question 6

Obligate

Answer 6

must spend at least part of their life cycle in associate with a host
Majority are this

Question 7

Faculative

Answer 7

are capable of leading both a free and parasitic existence

Question 8

Vector

Answer 8

insect taht transmits infectious agent from one host to the next

Question 9

protozoa

Answer 9

unicellular eukaryotic microbe

Question 10

Helminth

Answer 10

worm

Question 11

Nematode

Answer 11

roundworm

Question 12

Cestode

Answer 12

tapeworm

Question 13

trematode

Answer 13

fluke (complex flatworm)

Question 14

Which infection causes the most deaths per year

Answer 14

malaria (1.5 million)

Question 15

How do these infections get to different countries

Answer 15

immuno-suppresed people

travel

Question 16

4 classes of protozoa

Answer 16

ameba, flagellates, sporozoa, ciliates

Question 17

Locomotion of ameba

Answer 17

pseudopodia

Question 18

Locomotion of sporozoa

Answer 18

gliding

Question 19

Portals of entry

Answer 19

ingestions
penetration/inculation
direct transmission
cogenital transmission
transfusions/transplation

Question 20

Pathological mechanisms of parasitic disease

Answer 20

mechanical damage
damage caused by parasite products
immunopathology

Question 21

Ways the body fights parasites

Answer 21

neutralizing antibody
antibody plus complement
antibody plus completment opsoniation
activated macrophages
CD*+ cytotoxic T cells

Question 22

Neutralizing antibody

Answer 22

block entry of parasite into host cells

Question 23

antibody plus complement

Answer 23

lysis of blood dwelling parasites

Question 24

Antibody plus complement opsonization

Answer 24

phagocytosis

Question 25

Activatecd macrophages

Answer 25

destruction of intracellular protozoa

Question 26

CD8+ cytotoxic T cells

Answer 26

lysis of paraiste infected host cells

Question 27

Size of parasite

Answer 27

larger helminths make them unable to be phagocyosed

Question 28

Location of parasite

Answer 28

living in the lumen of the gut make it difficult for the immune system to get to

Question 29

Intracellular sequestration

Answer 29

Numerous protozoan parasites reside for a period of time inside host cells. This will sequester them from destruction by humoral (Ab) defenses.

Question 30

Formation of cyst

Answer 30

provide impenetrable barrier to the immune system

Question 31

Avoidance of phago-lysosomal destruction

Answer 31

While most microbes are destroyed by lysosomal enzymes following phagocytosis by macrophages, some parasites can survive and replicate within this inhospitable environment

Question 32

Antigen variation

Answer 32

having different antigens on different parts of the life cycle
Having successive waves of parasitemia with different antigens

Question 33

Antigenic masking

Answer 33

coating themselves with host proteins or lipids to mask themselves from the immune system

Question 34

Immuno-suppresion

Answer 34

make the host more immuno-compromised

Question 35

Differential toxicity

Answer 35

commonly achieved by preferential uptake of drug by the parasite, metabolic alteration of the drug by the parasite, or differences in the susceptibility of functionally equivalent sites in the parasite and the host.

Question 36

Antiprotozoals

Answer 36

target rapidly proliferating, metabolically active cells

Question 37

antihelminthics

Answer 37

Generally, targeted at non-proliferating adult helminthes. Most affect the neuromuscular system, carbohydrate metabolism, or egg (larvae) production of adult worms.