Introduction to Medical Virology

Question 1

Properties of viruses

Answer 1

acellular infectious agent
a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat
obligate parasite

Question 2

Naked capsids

Answer 2

are very environmentally stable
released from cell by lysis
Are very resistant

Question 3

Envelope viruses

Answer 3

way easier to kill

Question 4

Ways to disrupt envelope viruses

Answer 4

acid
detergents
drying
heat

Question 5

ssDNA

Answer 5

parvovirdae

Question 6

dsDNA

Answer 6

Herpesviridae
Hepadnaviridae
Adenocviridae
Papovavairdae
Parvoviridae, 
Poxviridae

Question 7

dsRNA

Answer 7

reoviridae

Question 8

-ssRNA

Answer 8

a. Orthomyxoviridae
b. Paramyxoviridae
c. Rhabdoviridae
d. Bunyaciridae
e. Arenaviridae
f. Filoviridae

Question 9

+ssRNA

Answer 9

a. Togaviridae
b. Flaviviridae
c. Coronaviridae
d. Retroviridae
e. Picornaviridae
f. Caliciviridae
g. Hepeviridae

Question 10

components of virion

Answer 10

a. Viral attachment proteins
b. Envelope
c. Matrix/tegument
d. Capsid
e. genome

Question 11

typical steps in viral replication

Answer 11

1) Individual viral proteins form into capsid subunits
2) Subunits combine to form complete capsid
3) Viral genome and other essential virion components are selectively packaged into capsids
4) Virus exits cell

Question 12

Recombination

Answer 12

fast changes

Question 13

reassortment

Answer 13

dramatic changes in their genetic makeup

Question 14

What does virus culture/plaque assay detect

Answer 14

infectious virus

Question 15

What are the advantages of virus culture/plaque assay

Answer 15

positivity shows active viral infection

Question 16

What are the limitations of virus culture/plaque assay

Answer 16

restricted to viruses that replicate in tissue culture and produce cytopathic effect

Question 17

What does electron microscopy detect

Answer 17

virion particles

Question 18

Advantages of electron microscopy

Answer 18

helpful in identification of emerging viruses

Question 19

Limitations of electron microscopy

Answer 19

expensive and difficult to do

Question 20

what does ELISA detect

Answer 20

viral proteins and glycoproteins

Question 21

What are advantages of ELISA

Answer 21

sensitive and quick

Question 22

What are the limitations of ELISA

Answer 22

requires specific antibody

Question 23

What does PCR detect

Answer 23

DNA genomes

Question 24

What are the advantages of PCR

Answer 24

highly sensitive

Question 25

What are the limitations of PCR

Answer 25

DNA sequence information must be available

Question 26

What does RT-PCR detect

Answer 26

RNA genomes

Question 27

What are advantages of RT-PCR

Answer 27

highly sensitive

Question 28

What are limitations of RT-PCR

Answer 28

RNA sequence information must be available

Question 29

What does Serology (western blot) detect?

Answer 29

anti-viral antibodies

Question 30

What are advantages of serology (western blot)

Answer 30

sensitive and quick

Question 31

What are limitations of serology (western blot)

Answer 31

takes time to figure out what you are looking for