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Micro Test I > Introduction to Medical Microbiology > Flashcards

Introduction to Medical Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which is the smallest microbe?

A

viruses

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2
Q

Viruses

A

require host cell for replication

difficult to treat

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3
Q

Bacteria

A

simple unicellular organisms

prokaryotes

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4
Q

Ways to test for bacteria clinically

A 
microscopy
detection of bacterial antigens
detection of bacterial nucleic acids
Culture
Detection of antibody response to bacteria
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5
Q

Ways to test for bacteria microscopy

A

morphology

gram stain

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6
Q

Ways to test for bacterial antigens

A

flagella
capsule
LPS

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7
Q

Ways to culture for bacteria

A

metabolic properties

biochemical tests

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8
Q

Ways to test bacterial nucleic acids

A

PCR

sequencing

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9
Q

Ways to test for antibody response to bacteria

A

ELISA
Western Blot
Immuno staining

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10
Q

Bacterial cytoplasm

A

made of chromosome, mRNA, ribosomes, proteins, and metabolites

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11
Q

Cell wall of bacteria is made of

A

peptoglycan

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12
Q

Proinflammatory effects of bacterial cell wall

A

fixes complement
binds pattern recognition receptors
triggers TNF production

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13
Q

Gram negative cell wall contains

A

outer membrane
peptidoglycan (thin)
perplasmic space
plasma membrane

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14
Q

Which is more complex, gram neg or positive?

A

negative

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15
Q

What color does gram positive and negative stain?

A

negative - red

positive - purple

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16
Q

Gram negative enveliope

A

made of peptidoglycan
acts like a stiff canvas sack around bacteria
has asymmetric phospholipid bilayer

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17
Q

Where is LPS found?

A

outer leaflet of phospholipid bilayer in gram NEGATIVE bacteria only

18
Q

What is LPS made of?

A

Lipid A
Core polysaccharide
O antigen

19
Q

Lipid A

A

responsible for endotoxin activity

fatty acids anchor it into OM

20
Q

Core polysaccharide

A

branches polysaccharide

required to bacterial structure and viability

21
Q

O antigen

A

lots of species variation

helps classify different bacteria

22
Q

What does LPS/endotoxin do?

A

causes inflammation, septic shock
activates immune system
binds to CD14 and TLR4 on phagocytes/antigen presenting cells

23
Q

What does gram positive bacteria cell wall contain?

A

thick peptidoglycan

plasma membrane

24
Q

components of gram positive envelope

A

peptidoglycan

teichoic acid

25
Q

Teichoic acid

A

only associated with gram positive

26
Q

LTA and teichoic acid promote what

A

attachment to other bacteria and to host cells

27
Q

Acid fast bacteria

A

have complex cell envelop
structurally similar to gram positive
contains LAM and arabinogalactins

28
Q

Fungi

A

more complex
eukaryotes
can be unicellular or filamentous

29
Q

Parasites

A

most complex
eukaryotes
unicellular to multicellular

30
Q

Prokaryotes

A

no nucleus
circular DNA
smaller ribosome
mesh-like peptidoglycan cell wall

31
Q

What are pili/fimbrae made of?

A

protein subunits called pilin which forms a tube with a small hollow core

32
Q

Two types of pili

A

common, somatic

33
Q

Sex pili

A

only one per cell
involved in gene transfer
bind to other bacteria and a tube for transfer of genetic material, usually a plasmid

34
Q

Flagella

A

locomotion

has H-antigen

35
Q

Capsule

A 
loose polysaccharide (or protein) layer surrounding some gram positive or negative bacteria
hydrophilic
36
Q

Biofilm

A

organized community of bacteria that has capsule/slime

37
Q

What can capsule be detected by

A

quelling reaction

38
Q

Where do endospores happen

A

only in gram negative bacteria

39
Q

Endospores

A

bacteria convert from a vegetative state to a dormant state.
give rise to a single bacteria when environmental conditions are favorable

40
Q

Structure of endospores

A

dehydrated multishelled structure

41
Q

contents of endospores

A

complete copy of chromosome
proteins and ribosomes
high concentration of calcium bound to dipicolinic acid

42
Q

Why are endospores important?

A

Can be aerosolized
Can be found in a lot of environments
Can withstand extreme environments
Can exist for centuries

Micro Test I (10 decks)

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