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Anatomy > Introduction to Osteology > Flashcards

Introduction to Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific study of the bones is called?

A

osteology

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2
Q

what is skeleton?

A

The body part that forms the supporting structure of the organism

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3
Q

hair, feather, scales, horns are examples of which type of skeleton?

A

exoskeleton

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4
Q

Bones and cartilage are examples of which type of skeleton?

A

endoskeleton

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5
Q

Muscle cells and microtubules are examples of which type of skeleton?

A

cytoskeleton

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6
Q

Muscle cells and microtubules are examples of which type of skeleton?

A

cytoskeleton

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7
Q

Calcified, living, dense connective tissue. which is this structure?

A

bone

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8
Q

name two components of the bone/what is bone composed of?

A

bone matrix and bone cells

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9
Q

name two components of bone matrix.

A

Bone matrix is made of collagen and bone mineral.

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10
Q

which is the major bone mineral found in the bone?

A

calcium hydroxylapatite

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11
Q

name 3 types of bone cells.

A

osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts.

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12
Q

what are osteoblasts?

A

bone forming cells

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13
Q

what are osteoclasts?

A

bone dissolving cells

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14
Q

what are osteocytes?

A

mature bone cells

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15
Q

give 2 functions of bone.

A

supportive structure of the body
protection of vital organs
Reservoirs of calcium and phosphorus
levers to produce movement
containers for bone marrow

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16
Q

give 2 types of bones based on structure.

A

compact bone and spongy bone.

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17
Q

what is a compact bone?

A

Dense
Outer shell of all bones
surrounds spongy bone

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18
Q

what is a spongy bone?

A

Spicules of bones
contain bone marrow

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19
Q

what is another name for compact bone?

A

cortical bone

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20
Q

what is another name for spongy bone?

A

cancellous bone/trabecular bone

21
Q

name the 2 types of bone marrow.

A

red and yellow marrow

22
Q

what are Haversian systems or osteons?

A

Cylindrical units in mature bone

23
Q

Haversian systems/Osteons consist of ———-lamellae. fill in the blanks.

A

concentric lamellae

24
Q

Haversian canal is the ——— canal

A

central canal

25
Q

Between osteons, there are ————–lamellae

A

interstitial lamellae

26
Q

what are volkmans canals?

A

the perforating canal that extends from the periosteum to the haversian canal supplying it with blood and nerve supply.

27
Q

nutrition of the bone is through which artery?

A

an adjacent artery gives off a nutrient artery which passes through the nutrient foramen of the bone.

28
Q

describe the nerve supply of bone

A

Most of the nerves are vasomotor fibres.
Bone has few sensory nerve fibres

29
Q

what is periosteum?

A

The periosteum is the sheath outside your bones that supplies them with blood, nerves and the cells that help them grow and heal. Supplied by numerous sensory fibres

30
Q

if a bone fractures, which layer of the bone is responsible for healing it?

A

periosteum

31
Q

what is endosteum?

A

The endosteum is a membrane that lines the center of your bones that contain bone marrow.

32
Q

the expanded ends of a long bone is?

A

epiphysis

33
Q

the shaft of a long bone is?

A

diaphysis

34
Q

in between epiphysis and diaphysis, we have?

A

metaphysis

35
Q

bones are developed through 2 methods of ossification? can you name them?

A

Intramembranous Ossification
Endochondral ossification

36
Q

define Intramembranous ossification

A

mesenchyme to bone formation

37
Q

define Endochondral Ossification

A

cartilage to bone formation

38
Q

give example of bones in body developed through Intramembranous ossification

A

Example: Flat bones of skull, mandible, clavicles

39
Q

give example of bones in body developed through endochondral ossification

A

Examples: Bones of limbs

40
Q

Bulges: Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendons. true or false?

A

true

41
Q

Depressions: Joint surfaces mainly. true or false?

A

true

42
Q

Holes: Blood vessels and nerves. true or false?

A

true

43
Q

classify bones according to their shape.

A

long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones

44
Q

name 5 long bones

A

humerus radius ulna femur tibia fibula

45
Q

name 3 short bones

A

carpals patella tarsus

46
Q

name 5 flat bones

A

frontal occipital parietal nasal vomer lacrimal

47
Q

name 5 irregular bones

A

vertebrae mandible hyoid ethmoid maxilla zygomatic temporal sphenoid

48
Q

axial skeleton is made up of?

A

bones of skull
vertebral column
rib cage

49
Q

the appendicular skeleton is made up of?

A

Shoulder girdle
upper limbs
pelvic girdle
lower limbs

Anatomy (6 decks)

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