Introduction to Osteology Flashcards
Scientific study of the bones is called?
osteology
what is skeleton?
The body part that forms the supporting structure of the organism
hair, feather, scales, horns are examples of which type of skeleton?
exoskeleton
Bones and cartilage are examples of which type of skeleton?
endoskeleton
Muscle cells and microtubules are examples of which type of skeleton?
cytoskeleton
Muscle cells and microtubules are examples of which type of skeleton?
cytoskeleton
Calcified, living, dense connective tissue. which is this structure?
bone
name two components of the bone/what is bone composed of?
bone matrix and bone cells
name two components of bone matrix.
Bone matrix is made of collagen and bone mineral.
which is the major bone mineral found in the bone?
calcium hydroxylapatite
name 3 types of bone cells.
osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts.
what are osteoblasts?
bone forming cells
what are osteoclasts?
bone dissolving cells
what are osteocytes?
mature bone cells
give 2 functions of bone.
supportive structure of the body
protection of vital organs
Reservoirs of calcium and phosphorus
levers to produce movement
containers for bone marrow
give 2 types of bones based on structure.
compact bone and spongy bone.
what is a compact bone?
Dense
Outer shell of all bones
surrounds spongy bone
what is a spongy bone?
Spicules of bones
contain bone marrow
what is another name for compact bone?
cortical bone
what is another name for spongy bone?
cancellous bone/trabecular bone
name the 2 types of bone marrow.
red and yellow marrow
what are Haversian systems or osteons?
Cylindrical units in mature bone
Haversian systems/Osteons consist of ———-lamellae. fill in the blanks.
concentric lamellae
Haversian canal is the ——— canal
central canal
Between osteons, there are ————–lamellae
interstitial lamellae
what are volkmans canals?
the perforating canal that extends from the periosteum to the haversian canal supplying it with blood and nerve supply.
nutrition of the bone is through which artery?
an adjacent artery gives off a nutrient artery which passes through the nutrient foramen of the bone.
describe the nerve supply of bone
Most of the nerves are vasomotor fibres.
Bone has few sensory nerve fibres
what is periosteum?
The periosteum is the sheath outside your bones that supplies them with blood, nerves and the cells that help them grow and heal. Supplied by numerous sensory fibres
if a bone fractures, which layer of the bone is responsible for healing it?
periosteum
what is endosteum?
The endosteum is a membrane that lines the center of your bones that contain bone marrow.
the expanded ends of a long bone is?
epiphysis
the shaft of a long bone is?
diaphysis
in between epiphysis and diaphysis, we have?
metaphysis
bones are developed through 2 methods of ossification? can you name them?
Intramembranous Ossification
Endochondral ossification
define Intramembranous ossification
mesenchyme to bone formation
define Endochondral Ossification
cartilage to bone formation
give example of bones in body developed through Intramembranous ossification
Example: Flat bones of skull, mandible, clavicles
give example of bones in body developed through endochondral ossification
Examples: Bones of limbs
Bulges: Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendons. true or false?
true
Depressions: Joint surfaces mainly. true or false?
true
Holes: Blood vessels and nerves. true or false?
true
classify bones according to their shape.
long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
name 5 long bones
humerus radius ulna femur tibia fibula
name 3 short bones
carpals patella tarsus
name 5 flat bones
frontal occipital parietal nasal vomer lacrimal
name 5 irregular bones
vertebrae mandible hyoid ethmoid maxilla zygomatic temporal sphenoid
axial skeleton is made up of?
bones of skull
vertebral column
rib cage
the appendicular skeleton is made up of?
Shoulder girdle
upper limbs
pelvic girdle
lower limbs
