Connective Tissue Flashcards
what are 4 Primary types of Animal Tissue?
epithelial tissue
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
connective tissue
What is Connective tissue?
Tissue that supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body
Examples of Connective tissue?
adipose tissue
bone
lymph
cartilage
blood
Connective tissue is composed of?
Cells
ECM (Extracellular matrix)
Origin of Connective tissue from?
Connective tissues generally arise from
mesenchyme (an embryonic tissue)
is cartilage a vascular structure?
Most connective tissues are abundantly vascularized with the single exception being cartilage.
FUNCTION OF CONNECTIVE TISUES?
Form the structural framework for the body (bone, cartilage)
Protection for vital organs (bone, cartilage, adipose)
Provide support and interconnection (tendons, ligaments, capsules)
Transport nutrients and wastes (blood)
Insulate and storage energy (adipose tissue)
Produce important cells of blood and lymphatic tissues (bone marrow)
Supply to body defense (Blood and lymph)
Make up repair (loose and dense connective tissue).
ECM is made up of?
fibers, tissue fluid, ground substance
what are the 3 types of fibers found in ECM?
- Fibers
* Collagen
* Reticular
* Elastic
give examples of ground substances in ECM?
- Ground substance
* Glycosaminoglycans
(Hyaluronan)
* Proteoglycans
* Adhesive proteins
(Fibronectin, Laminin)
Receptor proteins (integrins) on the surface of cells
* The other matrix components.
What 2 types of cells are found in the ECM?
resident and transient cells
give types of transient cells.
- Transient (wandering)
* Neutrophil
* Eosinophil
* Basophil
* Lymphocyte
* Monocyte
give types of resident cells.
Resident (fixed)
* Fibroblast
* Adipocyte
* Macrophage
* Mast cell
* Plasma cell
* Undifferentiated cell
what is tissue fluid?
- Tissue fluid consists of
plasma that exits from
capillaries and enters
connective tissue - Tissue fluid filtrates through
the ECM and reenters
venules and lymphatic
capillaries - Tissue fluid promotes
movement of nutrients and
waste products to and from
cells
what is edema microscopically?
Microscopically; in tissue
sections, this condition is characterized by enlarged spaces, caused by the increase in liquid, between the components of
the connective tissue.
what is edema macroscopically?
Macroscopically, edema is characterized by an increase in
volume that yields easily to localized
pressure, causing a depression that
slowly disappears (pitting edema).
what is advantage of edema?
dilutes toxins
what are intercellular substances?
The intercellular substances are nonliving and form the
ECM. e.g. collagen and mucopolysaccarides.
Functions of Intracellular Substances?
They provide the strength and support of tissues.
They act as a medium for the diffusion of tissue fluid
between blood capillaries and cells to permit cellular
metabolism.
The intercellular substance have an important role in
tissue differentiation.
Two main types of intercellular substances?
AMORPHOUS (NON FORMED)
FIBROUS (FORMED)
what are amorphous intercellular substances?
They occupy the spaces between the cells and fibers of connective
tissue.
transparent, colorless, and homogeneous
what is the Composition of
Intercellular Substances?
Tissue fluid
Cell adhesion proteins
“Glue” attaching cells to matrix elements
Proteoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) + protein
Large, negatively charged polysaccharides
what do you know about proteoglycan chemistry?
HYALAURINIC ACID (Axis)
+
LINK PROTEIN
+
CORE PROTEIN
+
SULPHATED GAG
what are GAGs?
repeating disaccharides (HEXOSAMINE
+
HEXURONIC ACID)
Examples of GAGs?
Chondroitin sulfate
Dermatan sulfate
Keratan sulfate
Heparan sulfate
Hyaluronate
(Hyaluronic Acid)
Heparin
what are GLYCOPROTEINS?
POLYSACCARIDES + PROTEINS (protein backbone
Polysaccharide side chains)
Examples of Glycoproteins?
- Fibronectin
- Laminin
- Tenascin
- Osteopontin
what are FIBROUS INTERCELLULAR SUBTANCE?
The function of providing
tensile strength and support
for tissues is performed
mainly by the fibrous
intercellular substances
can you name Three types of formed fibers that exist?
- collagen fibers and fibrils
- reticular fibers
- elastic fibers
what are Collagen Fibers?
consist of the protein collagen.
They appear white and are termed ‘’white’’ fibers
most abundant structural components of the connective tissue.
fibril forms fiber and fiber forms bundle. true or false?
true
what is scurvy?
deficiency of vitamin C
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a required cofactor for the addition of ————– to ——- and ———- residues in pro–a chains by the enzymes prolylhydroxylase and lysylhydroxylase; without hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues, the —————- essential to the final structure of the ———— cannot form.
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a required cofactor for the addition of hydroxyl groups to proline and lysine residues in pro–a chains by the enzymes prolylhydroxylase and lysylhydroxylase; without hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues, the hydrogen bonds essential to the final structure of the collagen molecule cannot form.
if less than 1 g vitamin C is administered, it results in?
complete absorption
if more than 1 g vitamin C is administered, it results in?
incomplete absorption
what is RDA ( Recommended Daily Allowance) for Vitamin C?
90 mg/d for males and 75 mg/d for females.
how many servings of fruits and vegetables are required each day?
5 servings
reticular fibers are composed of?
type 3 collagen
what are elastic fibres?
- Elastic fibers are typically thinner than collagen fibers and are arranged in a branching pattern to form a three dimensional network.
- The fibers are interwoven with collagen fibers to limit the distensibility of the tissue and prevent tearing from excessive stretching.
give structure of elastic fibers.
elastic fibers are composed of
two structural components: A central core of elastin and a surrounding
network of fibrillin microfibrils.
Elastic fibers are produced by?
fibroblasts and
smooth muscle
cells.
where are elastic fibers found?
They are located in:
vertebral ligaments
larynx
elastic arteries
blood vessels - incomplete elastic membranes
– Fibroblast —> ————
– Chondroblast —-> ————-
– Osteoblast ——> —————–– Hematopoietic stem cell —–> ————
– Fibroblast —> connective tissue proper
– Chondroblast —-> cartilage
– Osteoblast ——> bone
– Hematopoietic stem cell —–> blood
what is responsible for the formation of elastic fibers, reticular fibers and collagen fibers?
fibroblast
what is wound healing?
Wound healing is an intricate process whereby the skin (or another organ-tissue) repairs itself after injury.
what are the 4 stages of wound healing?
traumatic inflammation
destructive phase
proliferative phase
maturation phase
