introduction to organisational behaviour and ability and intelligence

Question 1

What i an organisation?

Answer 1

a social arrangement for accounting controlled performance in pursuit of collective goals (Buchanan and Huzczynski 2010)

Question 2

What is organisational behaviour?

Answer 2

the study of human behaviour in organisational settings, the interface between human behaviour and the organisation and the organisation itself (Moorhead and Griffin 1993)

Question 3

What is meant by organisational setting?

Answer 3

usually the workplace

Question 4

what ways organisational behaviour (OB) be used?

Answer 4

understanding how people function in general
understand how people function at work
predict how people will react
enhance job performance and profitability
empower people and also influence and motivate them
create good fit between a person and job carear
improve self awareness of own personality

Question 5

Which methods and research designs can be used in OB?

Answer 5

Data from surveys, experimental designs, observations,
interviews, psychometric tests, recording of behaviour,
experience sampling studies, archives

Question 6

what type of research methods are there?

Answer 6

Correlational research
Longitudinal studies
Experimental studies

Question 7

What is Correlational research?

Answer 7

investigates the relationship between two variables which the researcher does not control

Question 8

What is a Longitudinal study?

Answer 8

mostly observational and are a study done over a period of time

Question 9

What are Experimental studies?

Answer 9

manipulates one variable, the independent variable, eg leadership training
* measures effects on the dependent variable, eg leader effectiveness
* and (tries to) holds all other variables constant (lab vs field)
→ A change in the dependent variable is caused by the independent variable.

Question 10

what is a hypothesis?

Answer 10

what you expect to happen from your research

Question 11

What is a theory?

Answer 11

An explanation for how and why
variables are related to each other

Question 12

What is the cycle of theory and research?

Answer 12

Theories lead to hypothesesthat are then tested

This involves empirical data collection & analysis

The outcomes of these tests influence views and revisions
of the theory

Question 13

How would u describe theory in OB

Answer 13

An organised collection of concepts
which serves to explain human behaviour at work

Question 14

What does organised mean in OB?

Answer 14

Links between variables, relative importance of variables,
their timing, causality

Question 15

What does theory include?

Answer 15

description, but goes beyond it: explains and predicts
thoughts, emotions and behaviours

Question 16

why is a good theory useful in practise?

Answer 16

allows or helpful predictions eg what to look for when recruiting in terms of skills knowledge and motivation

Question 17

empirical data collection

Answer 17

data collected through observation or experiment

Question 18

who discovered the famous formula in 1931

Answer 18

Kurt lewin

Question 19

What is kurt lewins (1931) famous fomula

Answer 19

B = f (P, E)

Question 20

what does B = f (P, E) mean?

Answer 20

Behaviour is a function, or joint product, of the
person and the environment.

Question 21

What did lewin believe the best way to understand behaviour is?

Answer 21

he best way to understand behaviour is to
use the scientific method, i.e., cycle of theory and research.

Question 22

What are individual differences?

Answer 22

All of the ways in which people differ from one another, especially psychological differences. Included are all differences in personality and intelligence

Question 23

name some structural Models of Intelligence

Answer 23

-Spearman: General Intelligence ‘g’
-Thurstone: Primary Mental Abilities

Question 24

name some System Models of Intelligence

Answer 24

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
* (Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence)
* Emotional Intelligence

Question 25

when did spearman release his two factor theory?

Answer 25

1904

Question 26

what does spearman mean by “g”

Answer 26

general intelligence

Question 27

what does spearman mean by “s”

Answer 27

specific abilities

Question 28

whats the idea behind the “g” factor?

Answer 28

its that the g factor is inherited from birth and it underlines all specific cognitive abilities or “s” abilities

Question 29

whats the idea behind the “s” factor?

Answer 29

these are things that cam be learnt and are different for everyone eg singing however g factors can influence these

Question 30

What is operationalisation?

Answer 30

making something measurable and clarifying how it will be measured eg anxiety

Question 31

how does job complexity affect gma?

Answer 31

Job complexity strengthens the positive GMA-performance relation

Question 32

what is gma?

Answer 32

general mental ablity

Question 33

Why does GMA predict job performance?

Answer 33

a person with a higher gma is likely to learn job skills quicker

Question 34

How does job complexity effect the effictiveness of GMA on a job?

Answer 34

a higher GMA mean will be more needed in a job of higher complexity eg astrophysicists etc however in a lower complexity job such as a farmer GMA has little to no effect on effectiveness of being able to carry out task

Question 35

what does PMA stand for?

Answer 35

primary mental ability

Question 36

who discovered the primary mental ability theory?

Answer 36

Thurstone (1938)

Question 37

what did thurstone say the 7 primary mental abilities were?

Answer 37

verbal comprehension
verbal fluency
numerical ability
perceptual speed
inductive reasoning
spatial visualisation
memory

Question 38

what does thurstone believe about intelligence?

Answer 38

he believes that intelligence is a set of PMAs independant of eachother
PMA structure is compatible with GMA and can be seen as an extension of spearmans theory

Question 39

who coined the theory of multiple intelligences?

Answer 39

Gardener

Question 40

what are the mamy intelligences gardener said exist?

Answer 40

linguistic
spatial
logical-mathematical
musical
bodily kkinaesthetic
interpersonal - how you relate to others
intrapersonal - controlling impulses

Question 41

does gardener agree with spearmans gma idea?

Answer 41

no he says theres not one g and there are many different intelligences

Question 42

what is evaluation of gardeners multiple intelligences theory?

Answer 42

-no measure developed by gardener
-no systematic research done
-empirical evidence has found that his multiple intelligences have strong correlations making them not independent of each other
-key cognitive abilities unaccounted for

Question 43

what is a conclusion of gardeners multiple intelligences model?

Answer 43

it may be best to label most of them as skills rather than intelligences eg musical

Question 44

how do u remember fundamental and enhancing characteristics of conceptual framework?

Answer 44

fundamental:
Faithful representation
Relevance
enhancing:
Comparability
Understandability
Timeliness
Verifiability