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organisational behaviour > introduction to organisational behaviour and ability and intelligence > Flashcards

introduction to organisational behaviour and ability and intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

What i an organisation?

A

a social arrangement for accounting controlled performance in pursuit of collective goals (Buchanan and Huzczynski 2010)

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2
Q

What is organisational behaviour?

A

the study of human behaviour in organisational settings, the interface between human behaviour and the organisation and the organisation itself (Moorhead and Griffin 1993)

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3
Q

What is meant by organisational setting?

A

usually the workplace

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4
Q

what ways organisational behaviour (OB) be used?

A

understanding how people function in general
understand how people function at work
predict how people will react
enhance job performance and profitability
empower people and also influence and motivate them
create good fit between a person and job carear
improve self awareness of own personality

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5
Q

Which methods and research designs can be used in OB?

A

Data from surveys, experimental designs, observations,
interviews, psychometric tests, recording of behaviour,
experience sampling studies, archives

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6
Q

what type of research methods are there?

A

Correlational research
Longitudinal studies
Experimental studies

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7
Q

What is Correlational research?

A

investigates the relationship between two variables which the researcher does not control

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8
Q

What is a Longitudinal study?

A

mostly observational and are a study done over a period of time

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9
Q

What are Experimental studies?

A

manipulates one variable, the independent variable, eg leadership training
* measures effects on the dependent variable, eg leader effectiveness
* and (tries to) holds all other variables constant (lab vs field)
→ A change in the dependent variable is caused by the independent variable.

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10
Q

what is a hypothesis?

A

what you expect to happen from your research

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11
Q

What is a theory?

A

An explanation for how and why
variables are related to each other

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12
Q

What is the cycle of theory and research?

A

Theories lead to hypothesesthat are then tested

This involves empirical data collection & analysis

The outcomes of these tests influence views and revisions
of the theory

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13
Q

How would u describe theory in OB

A

An organised collection of concepts
which serves to explain human behaviour at work

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14
Q

What does organised mean in OB?

A

Links between variables, relative importance of variables,
their timing, causality

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15
Q

What does theory include?

A

description, but goes beyond it: explains and predicts
thoughts, emotions and behaviours

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16
Q

why is a good theory useful in practise?

A

allows or helpful predictions eg what to look for when recruiting in terms of skills knowledge and motivation

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17
Q

empirical data collection

A

data collected through observation or experiment

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18
Q

who discovered the famous formula in 1931

A

Kurt lewin

19
Q

What is kurt lewins (1931) famous fomula

A

B = f (P, E)

20
Q

what does B = f (P, E) mean?

A

Behaviour is a function, or joint product, of the
person and the environment.

21
Q

What did lewin believe the best way to understand behaviour is?

A

he best way to understand behaviour is to
use the scientific method, i.e., cycle of theory and research.

22
Q

What are individual differences?

A

All of the ways in which people differ from one another, especially psychological differences. Included are all differences in personality and intelligence

23
Q

name some structural Models of Intelligence

A

-Spearman: General Intelligence ‘g’
-Thurstone: Primary Mental Abilities

24
Q

name some System Models of Intelligence

A

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
* (Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence)
* Emotional Intelligence

25
Q

when did spearman release his two factor theory?

A

1904

26
Q

what does spearman mean by “g”

A

general intelligence

27
Q

what does spearman mean by “s”

A

specific abilities

28
Q

whats the idea behind the “g” factor?

A

its that the g factor is inherited from birth and it underlines all specific cognitive abilities or “s” abilities

29
Q

whats the idea behind the “s” factor?

A

these are things that cam be learnt and are different for everyone eg singing however g factors can influence these

30
Q

What is operationalisation?

A

making something measurable and clarifying how it will be measured eg anxiety

31
Q

how does job complexity affect gma?

A

Job complexity strengthens the positive GMA-performance relation

32
Q

what is gma?

A

general mental ablity

33
Q

Why does GMA predict job performance?

A

a person with a higher gma is likely to learn job skills quicker

34
Q

How does job complexity effect the effictiveness of GMA on a job?

A

a higher GMA mean will be more needed in a job of higher complexity eg astrophysicists etc however in a lower complexity job such as a farmer GMA has little to no effect on effectiveness of being able to carry out task

35
Q

what does PMA stand for?

A

primary mental ability

36
Q

who discovered the primary mental ability theory?

A

Thurstone (1938)

37
Q

what did thurstone say the 7 primary mental abilities were?

A

verbal comprehension
verbal fluency
numerical ability
perceptual speed
inductive reasoning
spatial visualisation
memory

38
Q

what does thurstone believe about intelligence?

A

he believes that intelligence is a set of PMAs independant of eachother
PMA structure is compatible with GMA and can be seen as an extension of spearmans theory

39
Q

who coined the theory of multiple intelligences?

A

Gardener

40
Q

what are the mamy intelligences gardener said exist?

A

linguistic
spatial
logical-mathematical
musical
bodily kkinaesthetic
interpersonal - how you relate to others
intrapersonal - controlling impulses

41
Q

does gardener agree with spearmans gma idea?

A

no he says theres not one g and there are many different intelligences

42
Q

what is evaluation of gardeners multiple intelligences theory?

A

-no measure developed by gardener
-no systematic research done
-empirical evidence has found that his multiple intelligences have strong correlations making them not independent of each other
-key cognitive abilities unaccounted for

43
Q

what is a conclusion of gardeners multiple intelligences model?

A

it may be best to label most of them as skills rather than intelligences eg musical

44
Q

how do u remember fundamental and enhancing characteristics of conceptual framework?

A

fundamental:
Faithful representation
Relevance
enhancing:
Comparability
Understandability
Timeliness
Verifiability

organisational behaviour (6 decks)

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