introduction to organisational behaviour and ability and intelligence Flashcards
What i an organisation?
a social arrangement for accounting controlled performance in pursuit of collective goals (Buchanan and Huzczynski 2010)
What is organisational behaviour?
the study of human behaviour in organisational settings, the interface between human behaviour and the organisation and the organisation itself (Moorhead and Griffin 1993)
What is meant by organisational setting?
usually the workplace
what ways organisational behaviour (OB) be used?
understanding how people function in general
understand how people function at work
predict how people will react
enhance job performance and profitability
empower people and also influence and motivate them
create good fit between a person and job carear
improve self awareness of own personality
Which methods and research designs can be used in OB?
Data from surveys, experimental designs, observations,
interviews, psychometric tests, recording of behaviour,
experience sampling studies, archives
what type of research methods are there?
Correlational research
Longitudinal studies
Experimental studies
What is Correlational research?
investigates the relationship between two variables which the researcher does not control
What is a Longitudinal study?
mostly observational and are a study done over a period of time
What are Experimental studies?
manipulates one variable, the independent variable, eg leadership training
* measures effects on the dependent variable, eg leader effectiveness
* and (tries to) holds all other variables constant (lab vs field)
→ A change in the dependent variable is caused by the independent variable.
what is a hypothesis?
what you expect to happen from your research
What is a theory?
An explanation for how and why
variables are related to each other
What is the cycle of theory and research?
Theories lead to hypothesesthat are then tested
This involves empirical data collection & analysis
The outcomes of these tests influence views and revisions
of the theory
How would u describe theory in OB
An organised collection of concepts
which serves to explain human behaviour at work
What does organised mean in OB?
Links between variables, relative importance of variables,
their timing, causality
What does theory include?
description, but goes beyond it: explains and predicts
thoughts, emotions and behaviours
why is a good theory useful in practise?
allows or helpful predictions eg what to look for when recruiting in terms of skills knowledge and motivation
empirical data collection
data collected through observation or experiment
who discovered the famous formula in 1931
Kurt lewin
What is kurt lewins (1931) famous fomula
B = f (P, E)
what does B = f (P, E) mean?
Behaviour is a function, or joint product, of the
person and the environment.
What did lewin believe the best way to understand behaviour is?
he best way to understand behaviour is to
use the scientific method, i.e., cycle of theory and research.
What are individual differences?
All of the ways in which people differ from one another, especially psychological differences. Included are all differences in personality and intelligence
name some structural Models of Intelligence
-Spearman: General Intelligence ‘g’
-Thurstone: Primary Mental Abilities
name some System Models of Intelligence
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
* (Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence)
* Emotional Intelligence
when did spearman release his two factor theory?
1904
what does spearman mean by “g”
general intelligence
what does spearman mean by “s”
specific abilities
whats the idea behind the “g” factor?
its that the g factor is inherited from birth and it underlines all specific cognitive abilities or “s” abilities
whats the idea behind the “s” factor?
these are things that cam be learnt and are different for everyone eg singing however g factors can influence these
What is operationalisation?
making something measurable and clarifying how it will be measured eg anxiety
how does job complexity affect gma?
Job complexity strengthens the positive GMA-performance relation
what is gma?
general mental ablity
Why does GMA predict job performance?
a person with a higher gma is likely to learn job skills quicker
How does job complexity effect the effictiveness of GMA on a job?
a higher GMA mean will be more needed in a job of higher complexity eg astrophysicists etc however in a lower complexity job such as a farmer GMA has little to no effect on effectiveness of being able to carry out task
what does PMA stand for?
primary mental ability
who discovered the primary mental ability theory?
Thurstone (1938)
what did thurstone say the 7 primary mental abilities were?
verbal comprehension
verbal fluency
numerical ability
perceptual speed
inductive reasoning
spatial visualisation
memory
what does thurstone believe about intelligence?
he believes that intelligence is a set of PMAs independant of eachother
PMA structure is compatible with GMA and can be seen as an extension of spearmans theory
who coined the theory of multiple intelligences?
Gardener
what are the mamy intelligences gardener said exist?
linguistic
spatial
logical-mathematical
musical
bodily kkinaesthetic
interpersonal - how you relate to others
intrapersonal - controlling impulses
does gardener agree with spearmans gma idea?
no he says theres not one g and there are many different intelligences
what is evaluation of gardeners multiple intelligences theory?
-no measure developed by gardener
-no systematic research done
-empirical evidence has found that his multiple intelligences have strong correlations making them not independent of each other
-key cognitive abilities unaccounted for
what is a conclusion of gardeners multiple intelligences model?
it may be best to label most of them as skills rather than intelligences eg musical
how do u remember fundamental and enhancing characteristics of conceptual framework?
fundamental:
Faithful representation
Relevance
enhancing:
Comparability
Understandability
Timeliness
Verifiability
