Introduction to oral and maxillofacial pathology Flashcards
What types of specimen are sent for histopathological investigation
biopsy - incisional
biopsy - excisional
resection (usually after incisional biopsy)
How are most specimens sent to pathology
as fixed specimens
How else can specimens be sent to pathology
fresh
Process of specimen received at pathology
- logged in and assigned unique pathology number
- specimen macroscopic description and cut up by pathologist
- all biopsy/ appropriate blocks taken from resection specimen and placed in cassette
- processing
- embedding
- microtome used to cut sections from tissue block
- sections floated in waterbacth, mounted on glass side and coverslip placed
- slides examined by pathologist
what are specimens embedded in
hot paraffin wax to form tissue blocks
what is usually the thickness of one single cell
4um
stain routinely used
Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)
what is digital pathology
digital slides are created when glass slides are captured with a scanning device
what is hyperplasia
abnormal multiplication or increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in a tissue
what is hypertrophy
enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part due to an increase in size of its constituent cells
what is atrophy
decrease in cell size by loss of cell substance
what is metaplasia
reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type
what is hyperkeratosis
thickening of the stratum corner
what is orthokeratosis
formation of anuclear keratin layer, as in normal keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
what is parakeratosis
persistence of nuclei in the cells of a keratin layer
