Introduction to Nutrients: Water Intake

Question 1

what is a nutrient?

Answer 1

any feed constituent that is necessary to support life

Question 2

nutrients

Answer 2

constituents of the body, involved in chemical reactions, source of energy, transportation of substances, regulation of body temperature

Question 3

nutrients: constituents of the body

Answer 3

structural proteins and minerals for bone

Question 4

nutrients: involved in chemical reactions

Answer 4

vitamins are cofactors in chemical reactions, important for metabolism

Question 5

nutrients: source of energy

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

nutrients: transportation of substances

Answer 6

water, minerals, vitamins

Question 7

nutrients: regulation of body temperature

Answer 7

mostly done by water

Question 8

energy requirements are met by …

Answer 8

fiber, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and VFAs

Question 9

water is essential for …

Answer 9

body fluid balance, digestive function, gastrointestinal health, temperature regulation

Question 10

what are the consequences for feeding dehydrated feed?

Answer 10

dehydrates the bolus in gut and makes it harder to pass digesta leading to colic

Question 11

water requirements

Answer 11

5-20 gallons per day

Question 12

what are water requirements dependent on?

Answer 12

dependent on the environment and activity

Question 13

sources of water

Answer 13

feeds, water, and metabolic water

Question 14

does feed change the water requirement?

Answer 14

No, the requirement stays the same, where they get the water changes

Question 15

water excretion

Answer 15

urine, feces, sweat, and resperiation

Question 16

water primary reservoir

Answer 16

intestinal tract

Question 17

why is the intestinal tract the primary water reservoir?

Answer 17

so the body can absorb water when dehydration occurs

Question 18

Why do horses utilize water better than cows?

Answer 18

absorb more water from digesta and lose less water through feces

Question 19

increased environmental temperature ________ water intake

Answer 19

increases

Question 20

changing from 55 F to 70 F may increase water intake by _____

Answer 20

15-20% due to loss through sweating

Question 21

cold weather decreases water intake by _______

Answer 21

6-14%

Question 22

why is cold water problematic for water requirements?

Answer 22

horses may not be eating or drinking normally due to severe weather leading to dehydration and gastrointestinal distress

Question 23

increased activity may increase water intake by ______

Answer 23

1.6 to 4 x

Question 24

amount, type, and quality of feed increase water requirements

Answer 24

true

Question 25

grass hay-grain diet water requirement

Answer 25

0.6 l/100 lb BW

Question 26

alfalfa based diet water requirement

Answer 26

2.9 l/100 lb BW

Question 27

availability and palpability impact whether horses meet water requirements

Answer 27

true

Question 28

why is it hard for horses to maintain body temperature?

Answer 28

because they have a deep body and less surface area for cooling

Question 29

why does an alfalfa diet require more water intake?

Answer 29

alfalfa is high in protein, meaning that the horse needs to excrete more nitrogenous waste, increasing more urine output which requires a higher water intake

Question 30

temperature of H20 affects intake

Answer 30

false

Question 31

amount of water intake correlates with amount of dry matter consumed

Answer 31

true, if water is limited, feed intake is limited

Question 32

Horses generally drink ______ from dry feed

Answer 32

1.5-2 qts/lb

Question 33

water needs and intake increases with _____ or _____ intake

Answer 33

protein and salt

Question 34

Why does water intake increase with protein intake?

Answer 34

more protein intake increases nitrogenous waste and increases urine volume

Question 35

why does water intake increase with salt intake?

Answer 35

more salt intake increases water intake and urine output

Question 36

physiological state affects water intake

Answer 36

true

Question 37

lactation water requirements

Answer 37

increases intake by 1.5-1.8 times

Question 38

pregnancy water requirements

Answer 38

increases water intake driven primarily by increased feed intake associated with pregnancy

Question 39

non-working horse in a cool environment water requirement

Answer 39

0.3-0.8 gal/100 lbs BW

Question 40

water loss affects water consumption

Answer 40

true

Question 41

high ambient temperature with work increases water requirement by _____

Answer 41

3-4x

Question 42

moderate work increases water requirement by ______

Answer 42

1.6-1.8x

Question 43

hard work increases water requirement by _____

Answer 43

2.2x

Question 44

inadequate water intake occurs when water is ________

Answer 44

unpalatable or unavailable

Question 45

water is important for gut motility

Answer 45

true

Question 46

after 24 hours of water deficiency body weight decreases by

Answer 46

4%

Question 47

after 48 hours of water deficiency body weight decreases by

Answer 47

6.8% and leads to decreased feed intake

Question 48

after 72 hours of water deficiency body weight decreases by

Answer 48

9% and severely reduces feed intake

Question 49

decreased performance signs due to a water deficiency is noticed by

Answer 49

3% loss in BW

Question 50

prevention of water deficiency

Answer 50

make palatable and available water a priority

Question 51

water deficiency leads to _____

Answer 51

colic

Question 52

prevention methods for water deficiency

Answer 52

check tanks and tank heaters and monitor water quality

Question 53

horses will ____ requirements if water is available and palatable

Answer 53

exceed

Question 54

water intake is dependent on

Answer 54

ambient temperature, work, dry matter intake, water and protein content of feed, and physiological state

Question 55

feed intake is dependent on

Answer 55

water intake