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Equine Nutrition and Physiology > Introduction to Nutrients: Water Intake > Flashcards

Introduction to Nutrients: Water Intake Flashcards

1
Q

what is a nutrient?

A

any feed constituent that is necessary to support life

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2
Q

nutrients

A

constituents of the body, involved in chemical reactions, source of energy, transportation of substances, regulation of body temperature

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3
Q

nutrients: constituents of the body

A

structural proteins and minerals for bone

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4
Q

nutrients: involved in chemical reactions

A

vitamins are cofactors in chemical reactions, important for metabolism

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5
Q

nutrients: source of energy

A

ATP

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6
Q

nutrients: transportation of substances

A

water, minerals, vitamins

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7
Q

nutrients: regulation of body temperature

A

mostly done by water

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8
Q

energy requirements are met by …

A

fiber, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and VFAs

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9
Q

water is essential for …

A

body fluid balance, digestive function, gastrointestinal health, temperature regulation

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10
Q

what are the consequences for feeding dehydrated feed?

A

dehydrates the bolus in gut and makes it harder to pass digesta leading to colic

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11
Q

water requirements

A

5-20 gallons per day

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12
Q

what are water requirements dependent on?

A

dependent on the environment and activity

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13
Q

sources of water

A

feeds, water, and metabolic water

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14
Q

does feed change the water requirement?

A

No, the requirement stays the same, where they get the water changes

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15
Q

water excretion

A

urine, feces, sweat, and resperiation

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16
Q

water primary reservoir

A

intestinal tract

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17
Q

why is the intestinal tract the primary water reservoir?

A

so the body can absorb water when dehydration occurs

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18
Q

Why do horses utilize water better than cows?

A

absorb more water from digesta and lose less water through feces

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19
Q

increased environmental temperature ________ water intake

A

increases

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20
Q

changing from 55 F to 70 F may increase water intake by _____

A

15-20% due to loss through sweating

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21
Q

cold weather decreases water intake by _______

A

6-14%

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22
Q

why is cold water problematic for water requirements?

A

horses may not be eating or drinking normally due to severe weather leading to dehydration and gastrointestinal distress

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23
Q

increased activity may increase water intake by ______

A

1.6 to 4 x

24
Q

amount, type, and quality of feed increase water requirements

25
Q

grass hay-grain diet water requirement

A

0.6 l/100 lb BW

26
Q

alfalfa based diet water requirement

A

2.9 l/100 lb BW

27
Q

availability and palpability impact whether horses meet water requirements

28
Q

why is it hard for horses to maintain body temperature?

A

because they have a deep body and less surface area for cooling

29
Q

why does an alfalfa diet require more water intake?

A

alfalfa is high in protein, meaning that the horse needs to excrete more nitrogenous waste, increasing more urine output which requires a higher water intake

30
Q

temperature of H20 affects intake

31
Q

amount of water intake correlates with amount of dry matter consumed

A

true, if water is limited, feed intake is limited

32
Q

Horses generally drink ______ from dry feed

A

1.5-2 qts/lb

33
Q

water needs and intake increases with _____ or _____ intake

A

protein and salt

34
Q

Why does water intake increase with protein intake?

A

more protein intake increases nitrogenous waste and increases urine volume

35
Q

why does water intake increase with salt intake?

A

more salt intake increases water intake and urine output

36
Q

physiological state affects water intake

37
Q

lactation water requirements

A

increases intake by 1.5-1.8 times

38
Q

pregnancy water requirements

A

increases water intake driven primarily by increased feed intake associated with pregnancy

39
Q

non-working horse in a cool environment water requirement

A

0.3-0.8 gal/100 lbs BW

40
Q

water loss affects water consumption

41
Q

high ambient temperature with work increases water requirement by _____

42
Q

moderate work increases water requirement by ______

43
Q

hard work increases water requirement by _____

44
Q

inadequate water intake occurs when water is ________

A

unpalatable or unavailable

45
Q

water is important for gut motility

46
Q

after 24 hours of water deficiency body weight decreases by

47
Q

after 48 hours of water deficiency body weight decreases by

A

6.8% and leads to decreased feed intake

48
Q

after 72 hours of water deficiency body weight decreases by

A

9% and severely reduces feed intake

49
Q

decreased performance signs due to a water deficiency is noticed by

A

3% loss in BW

50
Q

prevention of water deficiency

A

make palatable and available water a priority

51
Q

water deficiency leads to _____

52
Q

prevention methods for water deficiency

A

check tanks and tank heaters and monitor water quality

53
Q

horses will ____ requirements if water is available and palatable

54
Q

water intake is dependent on

A

ambient temperature, work, dry matter intake, water and protein content of feed, and physiological state

55
Q

feed intake is dependent on

A

water intake

Equine Nutrition and Physiology (4 decks)

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