Introduction to Nutrients: Protein

Question 1

digestibility

Answer 1

how efficient foodstuff is broken down and absorbed in the small intestine

Question 2

digestibility is also known as

Answer 2

digestion coefficients

Question 3

digestibility % calculation

Answer 3

nutrient intake - nutrient in feces / nutrient intake x 100

Question 4

how to determine digestibility %

Answer 4

total fecal collection and cannulation

Question 5

what factors affect digestibility

Answer 5

differences in feed, species differences, processing of feedstuffs, level of intake, individual differences

Question 6

species differences of digestibility of fiber

Answer 6

cows: 70%
horses: 65-70%
donkey: 66-75%

Question 7

why are cows better at digesting fiber than horses?

Answer 7

the size of their fermentation vat is larger

Question 8

why would there be differences among individuals between digestibility?

Answer 8

differences in the individual microbiomes

Question 9

amino acid structure

Answer 9

carbon with carboxylic acid group, nitrogenous base, and an R group

Question 10

protein is …

Answer 10

a major component of most tissue in the body, all tissues are made of protein with enzymes, hormones and antibodies

Question 11

feeding urea

Answer 11

cannot contribute to protein requirement because there microbial protein is excreted in the feces of horses

Question 12

what is the first limiting amino acid?

Answer 12

lysine

Question 13

proteins are chains of ______

Answer 13

amino acids

Question 14

how many different amino acids are there?

Answer 14

20

Question 15

amino acids are required for body functions

Answer 15

muscle, enzymes, hormones, hooves, and hair

Question 16

essential amino acids

Answer 16

provided by the diet

Question 17

nonessential amino acids

Answer 17

synthesized by the body

Question 18

protein digestibility varies with feed

Answer 18

between 45-60%

Question 19

protein requirements are expressed in _______

Answer 19

crude protein

Question 20

protein requirements take into account _______

Answer 20

digestibility

Question 21

lysine requirements are more important for _______ horses

Answer 21

working

Question 22

protein feeds

Answer 22

soybean meal, dried skim milk, linseed meal, alfalfa meal, alfalfa hay, and grass hay

Question 23

alfalfa protein

Answer 23

very available and quality protein

Question 24

protein is broken down into _______

Answer 24

peptides and amino acids in the small intestine

Question 25

amino acids are released ______

Answer 25

into blood stream and then go to the liver

Question 26

where does protein that isn't absorbed in the small intestine go?

Answer 26

the hindgut and is utilized by microbes and nitrogen is released

Question 27

protein digestion begins in the stomach with

Answer 27

enzymatic digestion occurring in the small intestine (duodenum)

Question 28

amino acid absorption occurs in the

Answer 28

small intestine, ileum and jejunum

Question 29

amino acids are released into the bloodstream

Answer 29

portal circulation takes all the nutrients from the gut to the liver

Question 30

protein is 100% digested

Answer 30

false

Question 31

undigested protein is utilized by hindgut microbes

Answer 31

nitrogen is released and absorbed in the form of ammonia

Question 32

what can absorbed nitrogen be used for?

Answer 32

synthesis of non-essential amino acids, but is primarily excreted in urine