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Physiology 2 > Introduction To Nervous System > Flashcards

Introduction To Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The Nervous system

A

An exquisite and complex information processing system
Inout—-> analysis—> Outputs
Consists of an input that could be either external (Sensory) or Internal (Hormonal)

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2
Q

The Neuron

A

Electrical cell of the nervous system
Axon soma dendrites

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3
Q

Embryonic Development

A

The anterior end of the neural tube gives rise to three primary brain vesicles

Prosencephalon—> forebrain
Mesencephalon—> midbrain
Rhombencephalon—> hindbrain

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4
Q

Secondary brain vesicles of the forebrain (prosencephalon)

A

Telencephalon
Diencephalon

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5
Q

Telencephalon

A

The adult brain structures : cerebrum—> cerebral hemisphere (cortex, white matter, basal nuclei) hippocampus

Adult neural canal regions: Lateral ventricles

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6
Q

Functions of Telencephalon

A

Thinking,learning,memory,consciousness

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7
Q

Definition of Basal Nuclei

A

Collection of nuclei that modulate motor functions of cerebral cortex

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8
Q

Hippocampus’s role?

A

Plays an important role in memory and spatial learning

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9
Q

Diencephalon

A

Adult brain structures: (thalamus,hypothalamus,epithalamus), retina

Adult neural canal region: third ventricle

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10
Q

Function of the Thalamus

A

Sensory relay

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11
Q

Function of Hypothalamus

A

Homeostasis

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12
Q

Cerebellar Divisions

A

Cerebrocerebellum: lateral hemisphere
Spinocerebellum: Vermis, Intermediate hemisphere

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13
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Contain loosely organized interconnected collection of neurons and fibers called reticular formation

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14
Q

Floculo-nodular lobe

A

Vestibulocerebellum

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15
Q

Secondary brain vesicles of the midbrain(Mesencephalon)

A

Mesencephalon

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16
Q

Secondary brain vesicles of the forebrain( Rhombencephalon)

A

Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

17
Q

Brain stem respiratory centers

A

Pneumotaxic area
Apneustic Area
Rhythmicity Area

18
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I)
Optic nerve (CN II)
Oculomotor nerve (CN III), Trochlear nerve (CN IV), Trigeminal nerve (CN V), Abducens nerve (CN VI), Facial nerve (CN VII), Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Vagus nerve (CN X) Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

19
Q

Pons

A
  • Contains somatic motor neurons that control nucleus
    • Nucleus for CN V
    • Nucleus for CN VI
    • Nucleus for CN VII
  • Receives somatic sensory information from the face,scalp,mouth, and nose ( portion of the nucleus for CN V)
20
Q

Medulla

A

-Nuclei of CN IX and X

  • The medulla contains somatic motor neurons that innervate the:
    - Nucleus of CN XI
    - Nucleus of CN XII
21
Q

Spinal cord

A

Most caudal region in the CNS

22
Q

Gray Matter ( Spinal Cord)

A

Dorsal Horns
Ventral Horns
Lateral Horns (only in thoracic and lumbar regions)
- sympathetic neurons
Dorsal root (Spinal) ganglia
- Contain cell bodies of sensory neurons

23
Q

White Matter (Spinal Cord)

A
  • Consists mostly of ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts
  • Transverse tracts (commissural fibers) cross from one side to the other
  • Tracts are located in three white columns (funiculi on each side- dorsal (posterior), lateral
24
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A
  • Nervous structures outside the brain and spinal cord
    -Nerves allow the CNS to receive information and to take action
  • Functional components of the PNS
    • Sensory inputs and motor outputs categorixed as somatic or visceral
    • sensory inputs also classified as general or special
25
Q

PNS Afferent Division

A

Afferent (sensory) division
- Somatic afferent fibers
- Visceral afferent fibers

26
Q

Afferent ( sensory) division

A

Transmits impulses from receptors to the CNS

27
Q

Somatic afferent fibers

A

Carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints

28
Q

Visceral afferent fibers

A

Transmit impulses from visceral organs

29
Q

PNS Efferent Division

A

Motor (efferent) division
- Somatic
- Autonomic

30
Q

Motor (efferent) division

A

Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector

31
Q

Somatic efferent fibers

A

Provides conscious control of skeletal muscles

32
Q

Autonomic fibers

A

Regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Physiology 2 (14 decks)

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