Introduction to Motor Learning Flashcards
What is motor learning?
A set of processes associated with practice or experience leading to a relatively permanent changes in the capability for movement.
Acquisition of skill.
Process that improves motor performance.
What did Schmidt and Lee explain about learning?
It is not innate, it occurs as a direct result of practice or experience.
It can’t be observed directly.
The changes are relatively permanent
What is distinction between performance and learning?
Performance: represented by momentary strength or accessibility of a response, changes can be temporary
Learning: represented by an underlying habit strength of the response
How do we measure learning?
Retention test or transfer test
How is absolute retention measured?
Measured by performance on the first trial of retention
How is relative retention measured?
Difference score: subtracting performance on last practice trial from the first retention trial.
Percentage score: taking difference and dividing it by amount of performance change of the original learning- (last trial minus first trial) times 100
Savings score: counting number of trials to regain proficiency from the end of practice
What are stages of motor learning?
Cognitive phase
Associative phase
Autonomous phase
What are hallmarks for cognitive phase?
Learner understands what is to be done.
Improvements are dramatic.
There is inconsistent performance.
It is described as the verbal motor stage.
What are hallmarks for the associative phase?
Learner makes more subtle adjustments.
Improvements are smaller in magnitude.
This stage has been called the motor stage.
What are hallmarks of the autonomous stage?
This is reached only after a great deal of practice.
Performance is described as autonomic.
It appears that the performer is not paying attention.
