Augmented Feedback

Question 1

What is inherent vs. augmented feedback?

Answer 1

Inherent (intrinsic): info available about one’s movement that is available through one’s own sensory channels.

Augmented (extrinsic): info provided about the movement in addition to inherent feedback, can be verbalized or lends itself to being verbalized

Question 2

What are two types of augmented feedback?

Answer 2

Knowledge of results: info about movement outcome related to environmental goal, not feedback about quality

Knowledge of performance: info about movement pattern after a movement was performed, tends to be more descriptive

Question 3

What are temporal events in KR?

Answer 3

KR delay: time between the time the movement ends and KR is provided

Post KR delay: time between when KR is provided until the beginning of next movement

Question 4

What is instantaneous feedback?

Answer 4

Augmented feedback provided the instant the performance is complete.

Question 5

T/F: in general extremely short and extremely long KR delay interval are not good for learning?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What is concurrent feedback?

Answer 6

Augmented feedback provided during the movement

Usually refers to augmented visual feedback

Question 7

What is concurrent augmented feedback good for?

Answer 7

Good for performance because an individual can adjust their performance continuoly in response to visual feedback they are getting.

Not good for learning. They may become dependent on feedback, won’t help with dual task situations

Question 8

What is error estimation?

Answer 8

encouraging learner to estimate or evaluate their own error during the KR delay interval can improve learning.

Only helpful if it is accompanied by KR

Question 9

T/F: very short post KR delay intervals can interfere with learning?

Answer 9

True. Learner needs time to plan and generate a new movement based on the KR

Question 10

Is more precise KR better?

Answer 10

Precise is better for learning than qualitative KR

Qualitative feedback can be erroneous feedback: if you say good job to patient even when performance was poor

Question 11

What are schedules of KR?

Answer 11

Absolute frequency: number of trials of practice that are followed by KR
Relative frequency: percentage of trials that are followed by KR

Question 12

What is the problem with KR after every trial?

Answer 12

Causes a lot of variability in performance.
Learner tries to adjust his/her performance on each trial.
Learner may become dependent on KR, failing to attend to inherent feedback info or solving problems themselves

Question 13

What is faded schedule of feedback?

Answer 13

There is less KR later in learning.

Research supports this as being better for learning. May promote learner adopting his/her own error correction capabilities

Question 14

What is bandwidth KR?

Answer 14

Therapist decides on some range of correctness that is acceptable.
When performance outside that bandwidth, feedback is given that an error has been made.
If performance is within bandwidth, no feedback or correct message is provided
It narrows over time.
Most research says bandwidth KR is good for learning, but there is no single prescription that is good for each learner and each task.

Question 15

What is average KR?

Answer 15

Feedback not provided on every trial.
performance is averaged over a pre-determined number of trials, and feedback provided on the average.
Research hasn’t established optimal average or summary length.
Probably used in clinic often.

Question 16

What are learner determined schedules of KR?

Answer 16

Learner provided KR only when he/she asks for it.

Useful for learning because feedback particularly meaningful to wlearner when it’s requested.

Question 17

What are parts of KP?

Answer 17

Video feedback: it depends on if it’s useful. watching his performance of complex movements is only helpful if therapist provides info or cuing about what to focus on.

Focus of attention: evidence favors external rather than internal focus of attention for learning. Providing KP about kinematics of movements may not be as helpful for learning as providing external goal and providing feedback in relation to that goal.