Guidance and instruction Flashcards
What is guidance and how is it achieved?
Solving the problem for the learner; providing errorless practice
Can be achieved by manual contact, physical barriers, step by step verbal instructions
What does the literature say about guidance?
Helpful in early stages of learning, but can impede progress if not used judiciously
Therapists err on side of too much guidance for too long
Often being a PT means not guiding, not coaching, and not providing feedback
T/F: guidance is good for performance but not so good for learning?
True
What are general rules for using guidance?
Used early on it may be helpful in getting learner to understand that task and the solution.
May be okay if task is to memorize some endpoint or if movement is slow (ex is a quad set)
Can be a great way to provide safe environment and instill confidence
What is the role of instructions in motor learning?
Give learner the idea of movement
Instructions can be used to explain the initial position
Can use instructions to give the learner a focus for error detection
Can use instructions to tell learner what to do and what not to do
What are potential problems or limitations of verbal instructions?
Movement may too complex to describe
Person has to “memorize” all the instructions
Our instructions have to be accurate
We can alter performance by what we knowingly or unknowingly emphasize
We may set up “dual task” conditions (client having to listen to us as they perform)
Which is better internal or external focus of instructions?
Instructions with an internal focus (think about knee being straight in terminal swing) are not better than no instructions
Instructions with external focus (stepping to a visible target) help learning
What is elder speak and is it an effective way to communicate?
Use phrases of endearment Use shorter sentences Speak slower Speak in a higher pitch Collective pronouns Semantic elaborations Reduce length of utterance Reduce complexity clauses Not effective in communication
What are effective ways to communicate with people?
Repetitions, reduce length of utterance, reduce complexity of clauses
repetitions alone may be all that is necessary
