Introduction to Microbiology Flashcards
1
Q
Bacillus
A
Rod-like bacteria, 5 um
2
Q
Coccus
A
Spherical bacteria, 1 um
3
Q
Spirochaete
A
Thin, helical bacteria, 10 um
4
Q
Yeast
A
Unicellular fungi, 5 um
5
Q
Mould
A
Multicellular fungi, 30 um
6
Q
Virus size
A
20-300 nm
7
Q
Dysbiosis
A
Microbiota gone wrong
8
Q
Normal microbiota/flora functions
A
Layer and waste product formation, immune stimulation
9
Q
How to write scientific names?
A
Families and genus with capital first letter, everything underlined
10
Q
Endospores
A
Dormant, highly resistant bodies of some bacteria. Formed during adverse environmental conditions. Produced inside bacterial cells.
11
Q
Resistance of endospores is attributed to
A
- Layered structure
- dehydrated stage
- negligible metabolic activity
- their high levels of small acid-soluble
proteins
-their high content of dipicolinic acid
12
Q
Endospore formation steps
A
- DNA is replicated
- DNA aligned along the cells long axis
- Cytoplasmic membrane invaginates to form forespore
- Cytoplasmic membrane grows and engulfs forespore within a second membrane, Vegetative cell’s cytoplasm disintegrates.
- A cortex of calcium and dipicolinic acid is deposited between membranes.
- Spore coat forms around endospore
- Maturation of an endospore; completion of spore coat and increase in resistance to heat and chemicals by unknown process.
- Endospore released from original cell.
13
Q
Bacterial capsule’s function
A
Protection
Facilitation of adherence to surfaces
Antiphahgocytis
Antigenic
14
Q
Gram + cell wall
A
- 1 cytoplasmic membrane only
