Introduction to microbiology Flashcards
How are some ways that microbes help us?
- decomposing organic waste
- performing photosynthesis
- producing ethanol, acetone, vinegar, cheese, bread, . . .
- producing insulin and many other drugs
How do microbes harm us?
- By causing disease
- Food spoilage
Who established the system of scientific
nomenclature and in what year?
- Carolus Linnaeus
- 1739
How many names does each organism have? what is this refered to?
- 2 names
- Binomial nomenclature
Binomial nomenclature
- Genus and specific epithet (species)
How do you write down an organism’s name using binomial nomenclature?
- The name needs to be italicized or underlined
- Genus is capitalized and species is not
- The name is latinized so it can be used world wide
- The name may be descriptive or honor a scientist
Examples of binomial nomeclature?
- Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)
- Escherichia coli (E.coli)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae)
staphylo-
Describes the clustered arrangement of cells
aur-
describes the golden color of the bacterial colonies.
break down the name of staphylococcus aureus.
Describes the clustered arrangement of the cells (staphylo-) and the golden color of the colonies
(aur-).
Break down the name E.coli
Honors the discoverer, Theodor Escherich, and describes the bacterium’s habitat–the large intestine or colon.
What are the 8 different types of microorganisms?
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Algae
- Viruses
- Multicellular animal parasites
- Prions
What symbol is thought to be inspired by a method of extracting guinea worms from a patient?
The rod of Asclepius
Who developed the idea of the 3 domains of life?
Carl Woese
What are the 3 Domains of life?
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
What forms of life are considered eukarya
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plants
- Animals
are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic
What are the cell walls of bacteria made of?
Peptidoglycan
How do bacteria reproduce?
Binary Fission
How do bacteria get their energy?
by use of:
- organic chemicals
- inorganic chemicals
- photosynthesis
are archaea prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes
What differentiates archaea from bacteria?
they do not have peptidogylcan cell walls
What is unique abot archaea?
they live in extreme enviornments
What are some different types of archaea?
- Methanogens: like to live where there are high concentrations of methane gas
- Extreme halophiles: like to live in super salty enviornments like, salt lakes and the dead sea
- Extreme thermophiles: like to live in really high temperature enviornments like undersea thermal vents