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BDS1 BAMS: Microbiology > Introduction to Microbes > Flashcards

Introduction to Microbes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the MALDI-TOF identification system?

A
  • Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation - Time Of Flight
  • Laser beam used to break up microbe into particles, particles analysed using mass spectroscopy to identify microbe
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2
Q

What is the coagulase test?

A

A test that can be used to identify Staph aureus (coagulase positive) other species of staphylococcus (coagulase negative). S. aureus produces the enzyme coagulase which causes the formation of blood clots.

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3
Q

Using S. aureus as an example, what is the genus and what is the species?

A 
Staphylococcus = genus 
Aureus = species
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4
Q

What is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in microbiology?

A

The lowest concentration of antimicrobial drug that will inhibit the growth of the microorganism after overnight incubation.

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5
Q

What does MRSA stand for?

A

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

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6
Q

What size is a virus? (in nm)

A

10-300 nm

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7
Q

What size is a bacterium? (in nm)

A

1,000 nm

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8
Q

What size is a red blood cell? (in nm)

A

7,500 nm

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9
Q

What does aerobic mean?

A

Requiring oxygen

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10
Q

What does capnophilic mean?

A

Microorganisms that are capnophilic thrive in high concentrations of carbon dioxide

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11
Q

What are facultative anaerobes?

A

A microorganism that can survive with or without oxygen

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12
Q

What conditions do anaerobes survive in?

A

Without oxygen

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13
Q

What does the term ‘microaerophilic’ refer to?

A

Microbes that are microaerophilic require only small amounts of oxygen for survival

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14
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary fission

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15
Q

What type of growth does binary fission result in?

A

Exponential growth

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16
Q

What are the 4 stages of bacterial growth?

A
  1. Lag phase
  2. Log phase/exponential growth
  3. Stationary phase
  4. Death/decline phase
17
Q

What are pili?

A

Hair-like appendage on bacteria used for attachment

18
Q

What is a flagellum for?

A

Locomotion

19
Q

What type of DNA does a bacterium have?

A

Circular DNA

20
Q

What is the capsule for on a bacterial cell?

A
  • Enhances the bacteria’s ability to cause disease

- Protects bacteria from host’s immune system

21
Q

Which shape of bacteria typically cause acute ulcerative gingivitis?

A

Spiral bacteria shapes

22
Q

What shape are bacilli bacteria?

A

Rod shaped

23
Q

What shape are cocci bacteria?

A

Round shaped

24
Q

Describe the steps in a gram stain

A
  1. Stain with crystal violet
  2. Fix with iodine
  3. Add decolouriser
  4. Add alcohol
  5. Counter stain with safrinin
25
Q

What colour are Gram + bacteria? (following a gram stain)

A

Purple

26
Q

What colour are Gram - bacteria? (following a gram stain)

A

Pink

27
Q

Why do Gram + bacteria show as purple?

A

Retention of the crystal violet dye due to thick peptidoglycan layer in cell wall

28
Q

Which bacteria contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in their cell wall?

A

Gram -

29
Q

What is LPS?

A
  • Lipopolysaccharide
  • An endotoxin
  • Stimulates host’s immune system
30
Q

What are the 3 main components of LPS (lipopolysaccharide)?

A
  • O antigen
  • Core
  • Lipid A
31
Q

What colour is prevotella intermedia following a gram stain?

A

Pink (gram -)

32
Q

What colour is Strep. mutans following gram staining?

A

Purple (gram +)

33
Q

What colour is Staph. aureus following gram staining?

A

Purple (gram +)

34
Q

What colour is Clostridium difficile following gram staining?

A

Purple (gram +)

35
Q

What colour is neisseria meningitidis following gram staining?

A

Pink (gram -)

36
Q

What is an exotoxin?

A
  • A toxin released by bacteria into its surroundings
  • Examples include botulinum toxin (released from Clostridium botulinum) and tetanus toxin (released from Clostridium tetani)

BDS1 BAMS: Microbiology (6 decks)

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