Introduction to Metabolism Flashcards
What is Kinetic Energy?
Energy of motion
What is Metabolism equal to?
Catabolism + Anabolism
What are some examples of Kinetic Energy?
- Heat
- Light
- Electrical
- Mechanical
What does Anabolic mean?
Through synthesis.
What does Catabolic mean?
Through destruction
Define Potential Energy.
The energy of position; stored energy.
Define Chemical Energy.
Potential energy stored as bonds.
Define the First law of Thermodynamics.
The Conservation of Energy - Energy can be transferred and transformed but never created or destroyed.
Define the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
- Energy transformations lead to an increase in entropy/disorder.
- Not all energy can be used to do work.
- Often released as heat.
What is Free Energy (dG)?
The Free Energy to do work.
dG = dH - TdS
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What does Thermodynamics do?
Tells whether or not a reaction is spontaneous.
What are competitive inhibitors?
Cofactors that compete with substrate for the same active site.
What are Noncompetitive Inhibitors?
Cofactors that bind to an allosteric site and changes the shape to prevent binding of a substrate.
What is Feedback inhibition?
The idea that if an early step is shut down, all the following activities are shut down.
Characteristics of Enzymes?
- Act as a Catalyst to speed reactions
- Lower Activation Energy
- Do not change Free Energy
- Can be protein or RNA
- Not used in reaction
- Are substrate specific
How do substrates work?
They are enzyme specific and attach to an active site where the reaction is catalyzed.
What works with Cofactors?
Only proteins.
What are cofactors?
Inorganic Ions.
What are coenzymes?
Organic molecules.
What are prosthetic groups?
They covalently attach to enzyme and are not amino acids.
What effects enzyme activity?
Temperature and pH.
What are activators?
Cofactors that fit into allosteric sites to change the enzyme into an accommodating shape for the substrate.
