introduction to medical sciences Flashcards
why are our bodies compared to energy factories
the cells of our body make energy that keeps those cells alive, and that, in turn, keeps our whole body alive.
almost every major system in our body works to ensure those cells can do that job effectively
what is a cell
the smallest unit of the body we commonly refer to
however, it has numerous internal components, which are made up of smaller components and so on
what do the numerous internal components from inside the cell form
they form the machinery that creates the energy that powers the cell to allow it to carry out its function
what are the internal components collectively known as
organelles
what are organelles
the tiny organs within cells
what are tissues
group of cells that share the same characteristics or specialisation and perform a function
what are the 4 types of tissies
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
what are organs
collections of tissues, usually of different types, that synchronise to perform a more complex function
what is our body
a complex society of cells
what our cells structurally and functionally organised into
tissues
organs
systems
cells -> tissues -> organs -> organs system of cardiovascular system
cardiac muscle cells -> cardiac muscle -> heart -> cardiovascular system
cells -> tissues -> organs -> organs system of gastrointestinal system
stomach cell -> gastric epithelium (Gastric epithelium
(Stomach lining) multiple cell types (chief cells + others) -> stomach (epithelia and muscle tissues, united in function) -> Gastrointestinal system
(multiple organs working in synchrony)
what do all living cells require to survive
energy
what is the equation of life
Nutrients + O2 = Energy (ATP) + waste (incl. CO2)
what are all our body systems designed to support in one way or another
the production of energy in our cells and this ensure life can be sustained and passed on
what is the role of the cardiovascular system to maintain health and optimal balance of the equation of life
delivers O2 and nutrients to cells, removes waste from cells
what is the role of the respiratory system to maintain health and optimal balance of the equation of life
acquires O2, disposes of CO2
what is the role of the gastrointestinal system to maintain health and optimal balance of the equation of life
acquires nutrients, disposes of waste
what is the role of the renal system to maintain health and optimal balance of the equation of life
disposes of waste in the form of urine
what is the role of the musculoskeletal system to maintain health and optimal balance of the equation of life
sources of nutrients, removes us from danger, protects from threat
what is the role of the immune system to maintain health and optimal balance of the equation of life
protects us from infection
what is the role of the nervous system to maintain health and optimal balance of the equation of life
coordinates other systems
what is the role of the endocrine system to maintain health and optimal balance of the equation of life
coordinates other systems, major role in allowing cellular access to nutrients that have been absorbed
what is the role of the reproductive system to maintain health and optimal balance of the equation of life
ensures continuation of life
is there a threat of disturbance to the balance of the equation of life
yes there is and it is high
what does the law of supply and demand mean
that as energy demand increases, supply of substrates required to produce energy must also increase in order to meet that demand and prevent disturbance in the system
what is the prevention of disturbance in the system called
homeostasis
what is homeostasis
preventing disturbance in the system
What do fundamental life process require
A constant internal environment
How can a constant internal in iron ent be maintained
involves cooperative action of organ systems, coordinated by nervous system and endocrine system (hormones)
