Introduction to media effects final

Question 1

Cultivation theory

Answer 1

Media images mold society’s vision of social reality. Creates social norms.

Question 2

Body image

Answer 2

How we view our body and physical appearance.

Question 3

body dissatisfaction

Answer 3

Negative thoughts or feelings about your body and appearance.

Question 4

Thin Ideal

Answer 4

Media portrayals of thinness of the most desirable body type for women.

Question 5

Muscular Ideal

Answer 5

Media portrayals of lean and muscular as the most desirable body type for men.

Question 6

Objectification

Answer 6

Treating yourself or someone else like an object, typically sexual.

Question 7

Social comparison theory

Answer 7

We constantly judge ourselves against others.

Question 8

Downward comparison and outcomes

Answer 8

Comparing ourselves to someone who is inferior boosts confidence and self-esteem.

Question 9

Upward comparison and outcomes

Answer 9

Comparing ourselves to someone superior to us. This could lead to motivation for improvement or lower self-esteem.

Question 10

Fiji Island Study

Answer 10

Studied young girls eating habits and body image after the introduction of TV.

Question 11

Natural experiments

Answer 11

Studying relationships that occur naturally. Unlike lab experiments where variables are manipulated.

Question 12

Informed consent

Answer 12

Informing participants the details of a study before they participate. The participants then have to agree.

Question 13

Schema

Answer 13

Organized system of thoughts and information about objects, events, individuals, and groups.

Question 14

Schemas and priming

Answer 14

Schemas are activated through priming. A prime we see or hear in our environment that activates a schema.

Question 15

Intergroup comparison

Answer 15

Examining the percentage of one group compared to the percentage of another group in media.

Question 16

Interrrole comparison

Answer 16

Examining the distribution of the same group of people in different roles seen in media.

Question 17

interrealty comparison

Answer 17

Examining the actual numbers/proportions for a group compared to the numbers/proportion presented in the media

Question 18

“Model Minority” stereotype

Answer 18

Stereotype schema that members of a particular group are better than the other minority.

Question 19

In-group

Answer 19

A group you identify as being a part of.

Question 20

Out-group

Answer 20

A group you do not identify as being a part of.

Question 21

Group identification

Answer 21

The strength of identification with our group.

Question 22

Stereotype threat

Answer 22

If stereotypes about a group are primed, in-group members will avoid out-groups.

Question 23

Meditated ingroup contact theory

Answer 23

Viewing positive media of an outgroup will decrease negative attitudes towards that group.

Question 24

Pornography

Answer 24

Material that features very explicit sexual behavior and nudity; often includes dominance/aggression in addition to explicit sexuality.

Question 25

Obscenity

Answer 25

portraying sexual content that is offensive or disgusting by accepted standards of morality and decency

Question 26

Anecdotal evidence

Answer 26

A factual claim relying only on personal experience or authority

Question 27

Scientific evidence

Answer 27

Based on observable evidence gathered using systematic methods

Question 28

Psychophysiological Measures

Answer 28

Measurements of physical responses that assess emotional states

Question 29

experiment limtations

Answer 29

limited sample, conducted in a lab, ethical issues.

Question 30

Survey limitations

Answer 30

Social desirability bias, three criteria for causality.

Question 31

Desensitization Effect

Answer 31

Viewing violence in media makes us numb to violence in real life.

Question 32

Sexual scripts

Answer 32

Gender and culture-specific guides for sexual behavior.

Question 33

Sexual Uncertainty Hypothesis

Answer 33

Adolescents are taught sex is about love and the media doesn’t. This becomes confusing.

Question 34

Stalking myths

Answer 34

Media giving false beliefs about stalking and harassment.

Question 35

Media literacy

Answer 35

the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create messages in a variety of media.

Question 36

Media literacy (access)

Answer 36

Finding media skillfully, and sharing relevent information with others.

Question 37

Media literacy (analysize and evaluate)

Answer 37

Using critical thinking skills to analyze the message.

Question 38

Media literacy (Create)

Answer 38

Creating content with awareness of purpose, audience, and
composition techniques.

Question 39

Media literacy (reflect)

Answer 39

Applying ethics to media use.

Question 40

Media literacy (Act)

Answer 40

Using media to share knowledge and solve problems.

Question 41

Critical ignoring

Answer 41

Ignoring low quality and missleading content.

Question 42

Self-nudging

Answer 42

Decreasing media use and creating benificial media habits.

Question 43

Lateral reading

Answer 43

Evaluating the credibility of a source by comparing it to others.

Question 44

Do not feed the trolls

Answer 44

ignore missinformation or dissinformation

Question 45

missinformation

Answer 45

info not supported by fact

Question 46

dissinformation

Answer 46

missleading information

Question 47

forewarning

Answer 47

A message telling tequniques os missinformation and intent behind disinformation.

Question 48

Ecological model

Answer 48

Behaviors have multiple levels of influence, including individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and policy levels.

Question 49

Ways of knowing

Answer 49

Personal experience, authority, science

Question 50

Limitations of social science

Answer 50

science makes predicitons about patters not specific individuals.

Question 51

Questions social science cant answer

Answer 51

Questions that dont have an objective truth