Exam 1 review 2 Flashcards
Characteristics of scientific research
General public cumulative skeptical
General (characteristic science)
Science searches for general patters and principles.
Public (characteristic science)
Finding made public so research can be replicated.
Cumulative (characteristic science)
Science is self correcting, clarity comes over time.
Skeptical (characteristic science)
Doubtful about claims until clear evidence is found.
Confirmation bias
People interpret info in a way that confirms their prior beliefs.
Ways of knowing
Authority science experience
Experience limitations
individual differences, trial and error, difficult to detect
Authority limitations
Authorities may speak outside of their expertise, and they have their own interest to protect.
Science limitations
Science makes prediction about general patters not specific individuals.
Theory
Prediction about 2 variables and suggests and explanation.
Objective (content analysis)
Researchers examine the same content and have the same conclusions
Content analysis is…
Objective systematic and quantitative
systematic (content analysis)
Clear set of rules for coding content
Quantitative (content analysis)
Results can be counted and analyzed with statistical tests.
Content analysis limitations
Only describes content, cant determine an effect on audience
Cross sectional survey
Single sample at a single point in time
Longitudinal (panel, trend)
Data collected over time
Panel: Different people, same group
Trend: Same people
Random sample
Makes sample equal and generalizable to the population
Non-probability sample
Sample based on convenience
Third variables
A variable that is not the independent or dependent that can explain or alter how one effects the other.
Selective exposer
People are more likely to select messages they already agree with
Celling affect
Many participants score high, so the measure loses its value. No range among responses.
Excitory potential
Media can influence arousal or calmness
