Introduction to Invertebrate Aquaculture

Question 1

How many fish species have been domesticated for aquaculture (Food)?

Answer 1

10 out 32.000

Question 2

What could replace fossil fuels?

Answer 2

Marine biofuel (100.000 l/hectare at 15c/l)

Question 3

What are some benefits/uses of growing algae?

Answer 3

Phermceuticals, Agrichemicals, Sunscreens, Environmental Industrial Enzymes

Question 4

Where do todays drugs come from?

Answer 4

Question 5

What is significant to NZ’s marine Biodiversity?

Answer 5

• EEZ 4th largest
• 1% earth surface
• 250.000 species
• 17.135 NZ species
• 14% of all species
• 60% endemic

Question 6

Chemical Ecology: Why do marine compounds work?

Answer 6

Chemistry to stop overgrowth fouling or pathogen attack - potent - gets into target cells - stops cell division = drug lead

no dead tissue found on coral as cells are switched off to stop the growth

Question 7

What can be done when harnessing chemicals from the sea?

Answer 7

Question 8

Why is it difficult to find the chemical compounds for e.g. cancer treatment when taking it from the wild?

Answer 8

High quantities are required

• 1kg wet weight Lissodendoryx= 400ug HalichondrinB
• 450kg acorn worms = 1mg cephalostatin
• 1600 kg sea hares = 10mg dolastatin
• 2400 kg sponge = <1mg spongistatin
• 847 kg moray eel livers = .35mg ciguatoxin
• 22 tonnesof Bugulaneritinafor bryostatinI
• 1kg wet weight Dysidea= 3g Avarol