Introduction to infectious diseases Flashcards
Intrinsic risk factors
Host-related factors affecting disease susceptibility.
Extrinsic risk factors
Environmental factors influencing disease spread.
Quarantine
Restrictions on movement due to communicable disease.
Bacteraemia
Presence of bacteria in the bloodstream.
Viraemia
Presence of viruses in the bloodstream.
Parasitaemia
Presence of parasites in the bloodstream.
Toxaemia
Presence of bacterial toxins in the bloodstream.
Septicaemia
Systemic infection with pathogens in the bloodstream.
Zoonotic disease
Diseases transmitted from animals to humans.
Reverse zoonotic disease
Diseases transmitted from humans to animals.
Vector
Living organism transmitting pathogens between hosts.
Fomite
Inanimate object transferring pathogens mechanically.
Symptomatic spread
Transmission of disease by symptomatic individuals.
Asymptomatic spread
Transmission of disease by asymptomatic carriers.
Carrier
Organism harboring pathogens without showing symptoms.
Endemic disease
Disease regularly found in a specific area.
Exotic disease
Disease not normally present in a region.
Direct transmission
Pathogen spread through direct contact between hosts.
Indirect transmission
Pathogen spread via intermediaries like vectors or fomites.
Infective dose
Minimum number of pathogens required to cause infection.
Virulence
Pathogen’s ability to cause disease.
Environmental hygiene
Sanitation practices to reduce disease spread.
Biosecurity measures
Practices to prevent disease introduction and spread.
