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4 MICRO LEC > Introduction to Immunology Communicable and Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Introduction to Immunology Communicable and Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

The invasion and proliferation of body tissue by microorganism

A

Infection

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2
Q

A detectable alteration in normal tissue and function

A

Disease

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3
Q

The ability of a microorganism to cause a disease to a host (degree of communicability)

A

Virulence

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4
Q

Normal microorganism that is found in one part of the body but causes infection in other parts of the body

A

Resident flora

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5
Q

Transmitted by an individual by direct or indirect contact, vector or vehicle, or as an airborne infection

A

Communicable disease

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6
Q

Process wherein a strain of microorganism becomes a resident flora by growing and multiplying (do not cause a disease)

A

Colonization

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7
Q

Infection in a specific part of the body

A

Local infection

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8
Q

Infection that spreads to different parts of the body

A

Systemic infection

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9
Q

Bacteria in the blood

A

Bacteremia

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10
Q

Bacteria that cause blood poisoning

A

Septicemia

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11
Q

Infection that appear suddenly or last a short time

A

Acute infection

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12
Q

Infection that occur slowly over a prolonged period of time

A

Chronic infection

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13
Q

Infection that occurs in a health care setting

A

Nosocomial infection

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14
Q

Infection that occurs in a health care setting wherein the source comes from the patient

A

Endogenous

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15
Q

Infection that occurs in a health care setting wherein the source comes from health care personnel

A

Exogenous

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16
Q

Nosocomial infection that is a result of therapeutic or diagnostic procedures

A

Iatrogenic

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17
Q

Individual with a decrease in defense mechanism

A

Compromised host

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18
Q

Simplest way to avoid nosocomial infection

A

Hand hygiene

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19
Q

Chain of infection:

Cause of infection

A

Etiologic agent

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20
Q

Chain of infection:

Source of infection

A

Reservoir

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21
Q

Cellular response:

First to be launched at the site of injury

A

Neutrophils

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22
Q

Cellular response:

Perform phagocytosis in chronic tissue injury

A

Monocytes

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23
Q

Cellular response:

Responsible for immune response

A

Lymphocytes

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24
Q

Substance that induces a state of sensitivity or immune responsiveness

A

Antigen

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25
Q

Protein or antigen that originates in the person’s own body

A

Autoantigen

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26
Q

Blood proteins that attack the antigen and render it harmless

A

Antibodies

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27
Q

Immune response wherein antibodies are produced or prepared

A

Antibody mediated defense

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28
Q

Antibody mediated defense wherein the body’s own cells produce antibody

A

Active immunity

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29
Q

Antibody mediated defense that involves injecting prepared antibodies

A

Passive immunity

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30
Q

Type of passive immunity:

Passage of performed antibodies from mother to placenta

A

Natural

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31
Q

Type of passive immunity:

Injecting antisera derived from immunized animals or humans

A

Artificial

32
Q

5 classes of immunoglobulins

A

G A M D E

33
Q

Class of immunoglobulin:
(+) past infection
(+) immunity

A

Class G

34
Q

Class of immunoglobulin:

(+) body fluid

A

Class A

35
Q

Class of immunoglobulin:

(+) current infection

A

Class M

36
Q

Class of immunoglobulin:

Role is unclear

A

Class D

37
Q

Class of immunoglobulin:

(+) in allergy, hypersensitivity, parasites

A

Class E

38
Q

Immune response wherein exposure to antigen releases activated T cells

A

Cell mediated defense

39
Q

Cells that help in the function of the immune system

A

Helper T cells

40
Q

Cells that attack and kill microorganisms and body’s own tissue at times

A

Cytotoxic T cells

41
Q

Cells that help suppress the functions of the helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells

A

Suppressor T cells

42
Q

Six factors increasing susceptibility to infection

A

Age, heredity, levels of stress, nutritional status, current medical therapy, preexisting disease

43
Q

Degree to which an individual can be affected

A

Susceptibility

44
Q

Five measures to reduce susceptibility

A

Hygiene, nutrition, fluid, rest and sleep, immunization

45
Q

Washing, rinsing with water and soap - to inhibit the growth of microorganism

A

Cleaning

46
Q

Use of substances on inanimate objects to inhibit the growth of microorganism

A

Disinfection

47
Q

Used on the skin to inhibit the growth of some microorganisms

A

Antiseptic

48
Q

Substance that destroys and kills bacteria

A

Bactericidal

49
Q

Substance that prevents the growth and production of some bacteria

A

Bacteriostatic

50
Q

Process that destroys all microorganisms including spores and viruses

A

Sterilization

51
Q

Method of sterilization:

Temperature is higher than boiling point

A

Moist heat

52
Q

Method of sterilization:

Effective against spores, heat-sensitive items, but toxic to humans and animals

A

Gas

53
Q

Method of sterilization:

Practical and inexpensive but spores and some viruses are not killed

A

Boiling water

54
Q

Method of sterilization:
Used in industries to sterilize food and drugs, effective for items that are difficult to sterilize, but do not penetrate deeply

A

Radiation

55
Q

Precaution to prevent spread of infection

A

Isolation precaution

56
Q

Type of isolation precaution:

Condition of the patient is highly infectious

A

Strict isolation

57
Q

Type of isolation precaution:
Less highly transmissible
Direct contact is avoided

A

Contact isolation

58
Q

Type of isolation precaution:

Transmissible by air

A

Respiratory isolation

59
Q

Type of isolation precaution:

Tuberculosis

A

Tuberculosis isolation

60
Q

Type of isolation precaution:

From contact with feces

A

Enteric isolation

61
Q

Type of isolation precaution:

From body sites e.g. mouth, ears, eyes, nose, vagina

A

Drainage secretions isolation

62
Q

Type of isolation precaution:

Infection from body sites .eg. saliva, blood, urine, semen

A

Blood body fluids isolation

63
Q

Precaution that interferes with the spread of blood borne disease

A

Universal precaution

64
Q

Precaution on blood, body fluids, urine, feces, wound drainage, oral secretion, body products

A

Body substance isolation

65
Q

Care for all hospitalized patients

A

Standard precaution

66
Q

Transmission of droplets less than 5 microns

A

Airborne

67
Q

Transmission of droplets greater than 5 microns

A

Droplet

68
Q

Transmission by direct contact

A

Contact

69
Q

Highly susceptible to infection due to disease

A

Compromised client

70
Q

Bagging:

Place _____ articles in bags

A

Contaminated

71
Q

Linens:

Handle as _____ as possible

A

Little

72
Q

Lab specimen:

Place in ____ ____ container

A

Leak proof

73
Q

Thermometers:

_____ after use

A

Disinfect

74
Q

Needles, syringes, and sharps:

_____ resistant

A

Puncture

75
Q

Six signs of inflammation

A 
H-eat,
I-nduration,
P-ain,
E-dema,
R-edness,
Impaired function
76
Q

Six universal precautions

A 
G-loves
L-ather up
O-rifices
V-ery special handling
E-veryone may be infected
S-harp attention

4 MICRO LEC (9 decks)

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