Bacterial Growth Flashcards
_____ _____ division of one piece of bacteria into two daughter cells in a process process called _____ _____
Bacterial growth, binary fission
The bacterial population undergoes _____ _____ if the number surviving exceeds unity on average
Exponential growth
Period when the bacteria adapts themselves to growth conditions
Lag phase
Period when the individual bacteria are maturing and not yet able to divide
Lag phase
Period when the synthesis of RNA, enzymes, and other molecules occur
Lag phase
Period when the cells are duplicating at a constant rate and are metabolically active
Log phase
Period when the generation time of a culture can be determined
Log phase
Period when the growth rate and death rate are equal
Stationary phase
Period when the number
of new cells created is limited by the growth factor
and as a result the rate of cell growth matches the
rate of cell death
Stationary phase
What are the two growth-limiting factors of bacterial growth?
- Depletion nutrients
2. Formation of inhibitory products
Period when bacteria run out of nutrients and die
Death phase
Growth of bacteria on a solid agar
Colony formation
What are the four factors needed for bacterial growth?
pH, temperature, moisture or water, oxygen
Most bacteria grow within what range of pH
5.4 to 8.5
Used to maintain proper bacterial growth pH environment
Buffers
Most bacteria grow within what temperature range
35 to 37 degree centigrade
Bacteria that have growth temperature at 24 to 40 degree centigrade
Mesophiles
Can survive in a dry environment in a dormant state
Spores
Microorganisms that need oxygen to survive
Obligate aerobes
Microorganisms that donot need oxygen to survive
Obligate anaerobes
Microorganisms that carry aerobic metabolism when oxygen is present but shift to anaerobic metabolism in the absence of oxygen
Facultative anaerobes
T/F: Bacteria cannot survive in extreme habitats
False
Microorganisms that prefer oxygen concentration between that of obligate aerobes and anaerobes
Microaerophiles
Microorganisms that prefer concentrations of carbon dioxide closer to that found in animals rather than that found in the atmosphere
Capneic
Regulation of water movements in and out of the cell
Osmotic pressure
Cells in a medium with high amount of dissolved
substances will _____ water to their environments
and _____
Lose, shrink
Cells in a medium with no amount of dissolved substances will _____ and _____
Swell, burst
Salt loving organism desiring moderate to large amount of salt
Halophiles
Halophiles have _____ _____ that can tolerate high amounts of salt concentrations and will have no interruptions in their metabolic functions
Cell membrane
Microorganisms that require special additions of growth medium such as vitamins, blood or serum components of for growth to occur
Fastidious bacteria
Used by the bacteria as a major source of metabolic energy
Carbon source
Most common carbon source metabolized by glycolysis or by fermentation
Glucose
Provided by the addition of amino acids, peptides, or nucleic acids
Nitrogen source
Mineral that is used by bacteria for the synthesis of sulfur containing amino acids and for the manufacture of structural proteins
Sulfur
Mineral that is used in the synthesis of phosphates ions that are used by cells to synthesize ATP
Phosphorus
Used to activate enzymes
Trace elements
Used to synthesize heme molecules
Iron
Used by gram-positive bacteria for cell wall synthesis
Calcium
Used by spore forming cells to produce spores
Calcium
Used by bacteria for growth and manufacture of coenzyme molecules
Vitamins
