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4 MICRO LEC > Cytology > Flashcards

Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

Coined the term “cell”

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

Proposed the first cell theory

A

Schleiden and Schwann

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3
Q

The Cell Theory:

a. _____ _____ come from _____ _____
b. _____ _____ _____ are composed of _____
c. The _____ is the _____ structural unit of _____ _____ _____

A

a. All cells come from other cells
b. All living things are composed of cells
c. The cell is the simplest structural unit of all living things

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4
Q

Part of the cell:

Outer boundary

A

Cell or plasma membrane

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5
Q

Part of the cell:

Point of interactions to external environment

A

Cell or plasma membrane

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6
Q

Part of the cell:

Central area

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

Part of the cell:

Contains genetic cell materials

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

Part of the cell:

Directs cell activities

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

Part of the cell:

Between the cell membrane and the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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10
Q

Part of the cell:

Encloses the cell

A

Cell or plasma membrane

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11
Q

Part of the cell:

Supports cell contents

A

Cell or plasma membrane

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12
Q

Part of the cell:

Selective barrier

A

Cell or plasma membrane

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13
Q

Part of the cell:

Manage communications between cells

A

Cell or plasma membrane

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14
Q

The plasma membrane is a _____ membrane

A

Semipermeable

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15
Q

A mixture of liquids, solids, or gasses in which the
substances are uniformly distributed with no clear boundaries
within the substance

A

Solution

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16
Q

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration in a solution

A

Diffusion

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17
Q

The movement of solvent across a permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

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18
Q

Movement of molecules through the phospholipid bilayer

A

Simple diffusion

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19
Q

Movement of molecules through transport protein

A

Facilitated diffusion

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20
Q

Movement of small and non-polar particles through a phospholipid bilayer

A

Simple diffusion

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21
Q

Movement of large or polar particles through a transport protein

A

Facilitated diffusion

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22
Q

The force required to prevent the movement of water by osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmotic pressure

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23
Q

The number of _____ particles determines the osmotic pressure

A

Solute

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24
Q

Solution that has the same concentration of solute particles and the same osmotic pressure as another solution

A

Isosmotic

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25
Q

Solution that has a greater concentration of solute particles and a greater osmotic pressure than another solution

A

Hyperosmotic

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26
Q

Solution that has a lower concentration of solute particles and a lower osmotic pressure than another solution

A

Hypoosmotic

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27
Q

Diffusion that is assisted by proteins

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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28
Q

A cell in an isotonic solution will [shrink/rupture/maintain its size]

A

Maintain its size

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29
Q

A cell in a hypotonic solution will [shrink/swell/maintain its size]

A

Swell

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30
Q

A cell in a hypertonic solution will [shrink/swell/maintain its size]

A

Shrink

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31
Q

Means rupture

A

Lysis

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32
Q

Means shrink

A

Crenation

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33
Q

Movement of ions and molecules assisted by transport proteins across a plasma membrane

A

Mediated transport

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34
Q

Movement of ions and molecules by ATP

A

Active transport

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35
Q

Term that describes the movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

A

Uphill

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36
Q

Part of the Cell:

A membrane bound sac that surrounds substances within the cytoplasm of the cell

A

Vesicle

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37
Q

Movement of materials by vesicles in and out of the cell through an active process

A

Vesicular transport

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38
Q

Vesicular transport of materials into the cell

A

Endocytosis

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39
Q

Term for cell “eating”

A

Phagocytosis

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40
Q

Term for cell “drinking”

A

Pinocytosis

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41
Q

Vesicular transport of materials out of the cell

A

Exocytosis

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42
Q

What are the three components of cytosol?

A

Fluid portion, cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic inclusion

43
Q

Dissolved ions and molecules in the cytosol

A

Solution

44
Q

Ions and molecules suspended in the cytosol

A

Colloid

45
Q

Part of the cell:

Proteins that support the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

46
Q

Part of the cell:

Hold organelles in shape

A

Cytoskeleton

47
Q

Part of the cell:

Enables cell to change shape

A

Cytoskeleton

48
Q

Part of the cell:

Assist in the process of cell division

A

Microtubules

49
Q

Part of the cell:

Forms organelles e.g. flagella, cilia, spindle fibers

A

Microtubules

50
Q

Part of the cell:

Small fibrils that form bundle or networks in the cytoplasm of the cell

A

Microfilaments

51
Q

Part of the cell:

Provides ability for muscle to contract

A

Microfilaments

52
Q

Part of the cell:

Provides mechanical support of the cell

A

Intermediate microfilaments

53
Q

Part of the cell:

Chemicals that are produced by the cell

A

Cytoplasmic inclusion

54
Q

Part of the cell:

Cell structure that are specialized for functions

A

Organelles

55
Q

T/F: The nucleus has pores for passage of materials

A

True

56
Q

Part of the cell:

Part of the DNA that directs cell functions and structures

A

Genes

57
Q

Part of the cell:

Structure of nuclear DNA

A

Chromosomes

58
Q

Part of the cell:

Delicate filaments of chromosomes dispersed in the nucleus

A

Chromatin

59
Q

Each chromosome consists of _____ chromatids

A

Two

60
Q

Part of the cell:

Round nuclear body found in the nucleus with no surrounding membranes

A

Nucleolus

61
Q

Part of the cell:

Produces rRNA

A

Nucleolus

62
Q

Part of the cell:

Site where proteins are produced

A

Ribosomes

63
Q

Part of the cell:

Site where proteins are synthesized for export outside the cell

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

64
Q

Part of the cell:

Site for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

65
Q

Part of the cell:

For detoxification of chemicals within the cells

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

66
Q

Part of the cell:

Collects, modifies, and distributes proteins and lipids to various locations

A

Golgi apparatus

67
Q

Part of the cell:

Small membrane bound sacs that transport materials produced by the cell outside of the cell

A

Secretory vesicles

68
Q

Part of the cell:

Have enzymes that act as an intracellular digestive system

A

Lysosome

69
Q

Part of the cell:

Involved in the inflammatory process

A

Lysosome

70
Q

Lysosome break down bone to produce _____

A

Calcium

71
Q

Part of the cell:

Membrane bound vesicles containing enzymes that breakdown fatty acids, amino acids and, hydrogen peroxide

A

Peroxisomes

72
Q

Part of the cell:

Tunnel like structure that is responsible for the breakdown and recycling of proteins within the cells

A

Proteasomes

73
Q

Part of the cell:

Bean shaped, rod shaped, thread like organelles responsible for the production of ATP

A

Mitochondria

74
Q

Part of the cell:

Specialized zone of cytoplasm that is the center for microtubule formation

A

Centrioles

75
Q

Part of the cell:

Hair like structure responsible for movement of particles outside of the cell

A

Cilia

76
Q

Part of the cell:

Responsible for movement of cell

A

Flagella

77
Q

Part of the cell:
Extension of plasma membranes supported
by microfilaments found in the intestines

A

Microvilli

78
Q

Method of taking cells apart and separating the major organelles from one another

A

Cell fractionation

79
Q

Used to fractionate cells into their component parts

A

Centrifuge

80
Q 
Common to all cells:
They are bound by a \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
They contain a semi-fluid substance called \_\_\_\_\_
They contain \_\_\_\_\_
They all have \_\_\_\_\_
A 
Common to all cells:
They are bound by a plasma membrane 
They contain a semi-fluid substance called cytosol
They contain chromosomes
They all have ribosomes
81
Q

_____ cells contain a true nucleus, bound by a membranous nuclear envelope

A

Eukaryotic

82
Q

_____ cell do not contain a nucleus

A

Prokaryotic

83
Q

_____ cell has organelles

A

Eukaryotic

84
Q

Prokaryotic cells have their DNA located in a region called _____

A

Nucleoid

85
Q

Plasma membrane is composed of a _____ _____

A

Lipid bilayer

86
Q

What are the three major components of a cell?

A

Cytoplasm, organelles, cytosol

87
Q

Cell shape:

Thin and flat

A

Squamous

88
Q

Cell shape:

Tall and rectangular

A

Columnar

89
Q

Cell shape:

Cubes

A

Cuboidal

90
Q

Cell shape:

Spindle-shaped

A

Fusiform

91
Q

Cell shape:

Many sides

A

Polygonal

92
Q

Cell shape:

Star-like

A

Stellate

93
Q

Cell shape:

Globular

A

Spherical

94
Q

Cell shape:

Disc-shape

A

Circular

95
Q

Cell shape:

Elongated

A

Threadlike

96
Q

Cell shape:

Long, cylindrical

A

Filamentous

97
Q

Cell shape:

Spider web

A

Spider-like

98
Q

What are the three basic bacterial shapes?

A

Coccus, bacilli, spirillum

99
Q

Bacterial shape:

Sphere-shaped

A

Coccus

100
Q

Bacterial shape:

Rod-shaped

A

Bacilli

101
Q

Bacterial shape:

Spiral-shaped

A

Spirillum

102
Q

Bacterial shape:

Streptococcus

A

Coccus

103
Q

Bacterial shape:

Lactobacillus

A

Bacilli

104
Q

Bacterial shape:

Spirillium

A

Spirillium

4 MICRO LEC (9 decks)

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