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Immunoserology Prelims > Introduction to Immunology > Flashcards

Introduction to Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Study of molecules, cells, organs, and systems responsible for the
recognition and disposal of foreign material. (Turgeon)
Study of a host’s reaction when introduced to the body. (Stevens)

A

Immunology

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2
Q

– Father of Immunology

A

Louis Pasteur

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3
Q

The process of being protected against foreign antigens

A

Immunity

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4
Q

Causes infection and induces an immune response

A

Antigen (Ag)

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5
Q

Produced by lymphoid tissue to “FIGHT AGAINST Foreign Substance
(Ag)”.

A

Antibody (Ab)

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6
Q

Inhalation of dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions

A

Variolation

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7
Q

The phenomenon in which exposure to one agent produces protection
against another agent

A

Cross immunity

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8
Q

discover Cellular Theory of Immunity through phagocytosis

A

ELIE METCHNIKOFF

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9
Q

type of immunity that resists infections by normally present body functions and lacks memory

A

innate or natural immunity

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10
Q

it does not have a physical form, they are just biochemical molecules
that are present in the blood

A

humural components

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11
Q

One of the most important APR
→ Most tested or measured APR in the laboratory

A

C-reactive protein

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12
Q

Effective for host against bacterial and fungal infections

A

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils

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13
Q

Ability to kill parasites

A

Eosinophils

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14
Q

Ability to kill bacteria

A

Neutrophils

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15
Q

Important role in acute, systemic and hypersensitivity reactions

A

Basophils

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16
Q

Largest cell in the peripheral blood

A

Monocytes

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17
Q

Phagocytose Ag or Antigen and present it to T-helper cells

A

Dendritic cells

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18
Q

Steps in phagocytosis ICED

A

Initiation Stage, Chemotaxis, Engulfment, Digestion and Excretion

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19
Q

5 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

A
  1. Rubor
    → Redness
  2. Calor
    → Heat sensation
  3. Dolor
    → Pain
  4. Tumor
    → Swelling
  5. Functio laesa
    → Loss of function
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20
Q

STAGE OF INFLAMMATION wherein mast cells or basophils release histamine to initiate vasoconstriction
or vasodilation depending upon the needs of the situation

A

vascular response

21
Q

type of immunity that has specificity for each individual pathogen, Has memory and Results in an increased response upon repeated exposure

A

adaptive immunity

22
Q

Overall reaction of body to tissue injury or invasion by an infectious agent

A

inflammation

23
Q

stages of inflammation

A

Vascular response, Cellular response, Resolution and repair

24
Q

Process of engulfment and digestion of bacteria and other foreign particles by a cell

A

phagocytosis

25
Q

→ Affects neutrophil microbicidal action
→ Impaired NADPH oxidase enzyme production

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

26
Q

Capable of triggering an adaptive immune response.

A

Immunogens

27
Q

Substance that stimulates antibody production

A

Antigens

28
Q

Ability to stimulate antibody production

A

Immunogenicity

29
Q

Ability to react with its corresponding antibodies

A

Antigenicity

30
Q

Low molecular weight, has the ability to react with corresponding
antibodies but not able to stimulate antibody production

A

Haptens

31
Q

macromolecules capable of triggering an adaptive immune response by inducing the formation of antibodies or sensitized T cells in an immunocompetent host

A

immunogens

32
Q

is a substance that stimulates antibody formation and has the
ability to bind to an antibody

A

Antigen

33
Q

Part of an antigen (Ag) that react specifically with an antibody (Ab) or T
Lymphocyte receptor.

A

epitope

34
Q

Binding of the antigen and antibody is termed as

A

Formation of antigen – antibody complex

35
Q

Most immunogenic to least

A

Proteins > Polysaccharides > Lipids and Nucleic Acids

36
Q

Ag derived from different individual from the same species

A

Alloantigen

37
Q

Ag derived from different species

A

Heteroantigen

38
Q

Found in unrelated plants and animals, which cross react with each
other’s antibodies

A

Heterophile Antigens

39
Q

Found in blood plasma & many body fluids
* Product of Antigenic stimulation

A

immunoglobulins

40
Q

considered as the largest immunoglobulin and is a pentamer that has 5 monomers

A

immunoglobulin M

41
Q

second to the largest but has range
▪ can exist in two forms and can be a monomer that is equivalent
to 160,000 daltons or dimer that is equal to 400,000 daltons

A

immunoglobulin A

42
Q

Associated with anaphylaxis

A

immunoglobulin A

43
Q

antibody shape

A

Y-shaped

44
Q
  • Function as immunoregulator
  • Sensitive to enzymatic degradation
A

immunoglobulin D

45
Q
  • Reaginic Ab
  • Has affinity to basophils and mast cells
  • High in allergy and parasite infection
A

immunoglobulin E

46
Q

PRIMARY ANTIBODY RESPONSE phases

A

lag, log, plateau, decline

47
Q

Ability of a particular antibody to combine with a particular antigen

A

Specificity

48
Q

anamnestic immune response also called as

A

secondary antibody response

49
Q

Associated with secondary immune response and Smallest immunoglobulin

A

immunoglobulin G

Immunoserology Prelims (4 decks)

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