Introduction to Immunology

Question 1

Study of molecules, cells, organs, and systems responsible for the
recognition and disposal of foreign material. (Turgeon)
Study of a host’s reaction when introduced to the body. (Stevens)

Answer 1

Immunology

Question 2

– Father of Immunology

Answer 2

Louis Pasteur

Question 3

The process of being protected against foreign antigens

Answer 3

Immunity

Question 4

Causes infection and induces an immune response

Answer 4

Antigen (Ag)

Question 5

Produced by lymphoid tissue to “FIGHT AGAINST Foreign Substance
(Ag)”.

Answer 5

Antibody (Ab)

Question 6

Inhalation of dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions

Answer 6

Variolation

Question 7

The phenomenon in which exposure to one agent produces protection
against another agent

Answer 7

Cross immunity

Question 8

discover Cellular Theory of Immunity through phagocytosis

Answer 8

ELIE METCHNIKOFF

Question 9

type of immunity that resists infections by normally present body functions and lacks memory

Answer 9

innate or natural immunity

Question 10

it does not have a physical form, they are just biochemical molecules
that are present in the blood

Answer 10

humural components

Question 11

One of the most important APR
→ Most tested or measured APR in the laboratory

Answer 11

C-reactive protein

Question 12

Effective for host against bacterial and fungal infections

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Polymorphonuclear neutrophils

Question 13

Ability to kill parasites

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Eosinophils

Question 14

Ability to kill bacteria

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Neutrophils

Question 15

Important role in acute, systemic and hypersensitivity reactions

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Basophils

Question 16

Largest cell in the peripheral blood

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Monocytes

Question 17

Phagocytose Ag or Antigen and present it to T-helper cells

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Dendritic cells

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Steps in phagocytosis ICED

Answer 18

Initiation Stage, Chemotaxis, Engulfment, Digestion and Excretion

Question 19

5 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

Answer 19

1. Rubor
   → Redness
2. Calor
   → Heat sensation
3. Dolor
   → Pain
4. Tumor
   → Swelling
5. Functio laesa
   → Loss of function

Question 20

STAGE OF INFLAMMATION wherein mast cells or basophils release histamine to initiate vasoconstriction
or vasodilation depending upon the needs of the situation

Answer 20

vascular response

Question 21

type of immunity that has specificity for each individual pathogen, Has memory and Results in an increased response upon repeated exposure

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adaptive immunity

Question 22

Overall reaction of body to tissue injury or invasion by an infectious agent

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inflammation

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stages of inflammation

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Vascular response, Cellular response, Resolution and repair

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Process of engulfment and digestion of bacteria and other foreign particles by a cell

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phagocytosis

Question 25

→ Affects neutrophil microbicidal action → Impaired NADPH oxidase enzyme production

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Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Question 26

Capable of triggering an adaptive immune response.

Answer 26

Immunogens

Question 27

Substance that stimulates antibody production

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Antigens

Question 28

Ability to stimulate antibody production

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Immunogenicity

Question 29

Ability to react with its corresponding antibodies

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Antigenicity

Question 30

Low molecular weight, has the ability to react with corresponding antibodies but not able to stimulate antibody production

Answer 30

Haptens

Question 31

macromolecules capable of triggering an adaptive immune response by inducing the formation of antibodies or sensitized T cells in an immunocompetent host

Answer 31

immunogens

Question 32

is a substance that stimulates antibody formation and has the ability to bind to an antibody

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Antigen

Question 33

Part of an antigen (Ag) that react specifically with an antibody (Ab) or T Lymphocyte receptor.

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epitope

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Binding of the antigen and antibody is termed as

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Formation of antigen – antibody complex

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Most immunogenic to least

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Proteins > Polysaccharides > Lipids and Nucleic Acids

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Ag derived from different individual from the same species

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Alloantigen

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Ag derived from different species

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Heteroantigen

Question 38

Found in unrelated plants and animals, which cross react with each other’s antibodies

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Heterophile Antigens

Question 39

Found in blood plasma & many body fluids * Product of Antigenic stimulation

Answer 39

immunoglobulins

Question 40

considered as the largest immunoglobulin and is a pentamer that has 5 monomers

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immunoglobulin M

Question 41

second to the largest but has range ▪ can exist in two forms and can be a monomer that is equivalent to 160,000 daltons or dimer that is equal to 400,000 daltons

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immunoglobulin A

Question 42

Associated with anaphylaxis

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immunoglobulin A

Question 43

antibody shape

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Y-shaped

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* Function as immunoregulator * Sensitive to enzymatic degradation

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immunoglobulin D

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* Reaginic Ab * Has affinity to basophils and mast cells * High in allergy and parasite infection

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immunoglobulin E

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PRIMARY ANTIBODY RESPONSE phases

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lag, log, plateau, decline

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Ability of a particular antibody to combine with a particular antigen

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Specificity

Question 48

anamnestic immune response also called as

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secondary antibody response

Question 49

Associated with secondary immune response and Smallest immunoglobulin

Answer 49

immunoglobulin G