Intro to immunology

Question 1

wrote that only those who had recovered from plague could nurse

Answer 1

Thucydides 430BC

Question 2

discovered a technique called variolation which suggest that dried crust from smallpox pustules where inhaled or ingested

Answer 2

Chinese and turks 15th century

Question 3

variolation is from what kind of virus

Answer 3

variola

Question 4

smallpox is under what biorisk management category

Answer 4

Category 1A

Question 5

the one who inoculate cowpox confers immunity to smallpox due to what principle

Answer 5

edward jenner; cross reactivity

Question 6

known for attenuated strain of fowl cholera

Answer 6

louis pasteur

Question 7

when does pasteur administer 1st vaccine

Answer 7

1885

Question 8

causative agent of cholera in chicken

Answer 8

pasteurella multocida

Question 9

discovered theory of immunity through phagocytosis and phenomenon of innate immunity

Answer 9

Elie metchnikoff

Question 10

observed phenomenon of humoral immunity

Answer 10

emil von behring

Question 11

is the surface protection composed of anatomical and physiology barrier

a.1st line defense
b. 2nd line defense
c.3rd line defense

Answer 11

1st line defense

Question 12

is a cellular and chemical system that comes immediately if infectious agent make it past the 1st line of defense

Answer 12

2nd line of defense

Question 13

includes specific host defense that mist be developed uniquely for each microbe

Answer 13

3rd line of defense

Question 14

series of enzyme normally circulating in an inactive form, can result in lysis or enhanced phagocytosis

Answer 14

complement

Question 15

a hydrolytic enzyme in mucous secretion in tears and can cleave the peptidoglycan layer

Answer 15

lysozyme

Question 16

proteins produced by infected virus cell and can induce generalized antiviral state

Answer 16

interferons

Question 17

normallt trace in serum can increase withn 4 to 6 hrs of infection upto 100 to 1000 fold

Answer 17

c reactive protein

Question 18

phagocytosis step in steven

Answer 18

adherence
outflowing of cytoplasm
phagosome formation
phagolysosome formation
digestion
excretion

Question 19

phagocytosis step in turgeon

Answer 19

chemotaxis
adherence
engulfment
phagosome formation
fusion
digestion

Question 20

Steps ICED phagocytosis

Answer 20

Initiation
Chemotaxis
engulfment
Digestion

Question 21

attraction of leukocytes by chemical

Answer 21

chemotaxis

Question 22

overall reaction of body to tissue invasion

Answer 22

inflammation

Question 23

father of cellular pathology

Answer 23

rudolf virchow

Question 24

5 cardinal signs

Answer 24

rubor calor dolor tumor functio laesa

Question 25

movement of granules from the circulating pool to peripheral tissue

Answer 25

diapedesis

Question 26

macrophage in liver

Answer 26

kupffer cell

Question 27

macrophage in tissue

Answer 27

monocyte

Question 28

macrophage in spleen

Answer 28

littoral cells

Question 29

macrophage in kidney

Answer 29

mesangial cell

Question 30

macrophage in lungs

Answer 30

dust cell

Question 31

macrophage in bone

Answer 31

osteoclasts

Question 32

macrophage in brain

Answer 32

microglial cell

Question 33

macrophage in connective tissue

Answer 33

histocytes

Question 34

function is to phagocytose antigen present to T helper cell

Answer 34

dendritic cell

Question 35

function as antigen presenting cell and seen in allergic reaction

Answer 35

mast cell

Question 36

promotes vasodilation

Answer 36

histamine

Question 37

promotes inflammation stronger than histamine

Answer 37

leukotrienes

Question 38

promotes inflammation and fever

Answer 38

prostaglandins

Question 39

increase vasodilation and leads to edema

Answer 39

bradykinin

Question 40

stimulates most function of immune system

Answer 40

interleukins