Introduction to Human Antomy Flashcards
Define anatomy.
The structure of the body and its parts
Define physiology.
How the body and its parts function
Define effector.
A muscle or a gland
State the organizational flow chart of life.
Chemical (molecular), cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.
What is the toxic nitrogenous metabolic waste your urinary system gets rid of?
Urea
Synthesis is associated with….
Cell building and structure.
ATP (source of energy)
Cellular respiration
Define homeostasis.
Maintenance of a stable internal environment (dynamic equilibrium)
Lymphatic system
releases fluid back to blood vessels
involved with immunity.
Digestive system
gets rid of indigestible material
breaks down food molecules to absorb into blood.
Endocrine system
releases hormones for growth, reproduction and metabolism
Nervous system
Reacts to internal and external change (stimuli)
activates the muscles and glands (effectors)
Muscular system
Allows from movement.
Produces heat (contracting and relaxing muscles)
Maintains posture.
Integumentary system
internal protection of body
regulates body temperature
synthesizes vitamin D
contains nerves receptors
forms external body
Gross anatomy vs. microscopic anatomy
gross anatomy- easily observable to the human eye and large structure
microscopic anatomy- can only be viewed with a microscope
Respiratory system
brings in oxygen to blood and releases carbon dioxide
Cardiovascular system
transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart (O2, CO2, nutrients and wastes)
Urinary system
Removes waste from the body
Reproductive system
reproduction of species
Sagittal
divides the body into a left and a right.
Midsagittal
divides the body through the midline into two symmetrical halves.
Frontal (coronal)
divides the body into an anterior (front/ventral) and posterior (back/dorsal)
Transverse
divides the body into a superior (top/cranial or cephalad) and inferior (bottom/caudal)
Distal vs. Proximal
determines whether a part of your limbs is further (distal) or closer (proximal) to the points of attachment.
Medial vs. Lateral
determines whether a part of the body is close to the midline (medial) or farther from the midline (lateral)
Superficial vs. Deep
determines whether something is towards the body’s surface (superficial/external) or away from the body’s surface (deep/internal)
Dorsal body cavity
cranial cavity houses the brain.
spinal cavity houses the spinal cord.
Ventral body cavity
thoracic cavity houses the heart, lungs and others.
abdominopelvic cavity houses digestive system and most urinary system organs.
