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Human anatomy and physiology > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

energy

A

the ability to do work

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3
Q

elements

A

fundamental units of matter - building blocks of matter

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4
Q

atoms

A

building block of elements

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5
Q

atomic mass

A

sum of protons and neutrons

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6
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons

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7
Q

ions

A

charged particles

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8
Q

molecules

A

combination of two or more LIKE atoms

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9
Q

compound

A

combination of two or more UNLIKE atoms

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10
Q

anions vs cations

A

anions-negative
cations-positive

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11
Q

ph scale

A

measures relative concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance
measures acidity or alkalinity

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12
Q

enzyme

A

biological catalyst
functional protein formed by living cells

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13
Q

monosaccharide

A

simple sugar
building block of carbohydrates
(mono- one)
ex: glucose, fructose

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14
Q

synthesis

A

larger molecules are formed from simple ones

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15
Q

disaccharide

A

two simple sugars
ex: sucrose, lactose

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16
Q

polysaccharides

A

long chains of simple sugars
ex: starch, glycogen

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17
Q

nucleotide

A

building block of nucleic acids

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18
Q

amino acids

A

building block of protiens
contain CHON (carbon,hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen)

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19
Q

electrolyte

A

breaks down into ions in a solution and conducts electrical currents

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20
Q

gobular (functional) protein

A

spherical functional protein
do things rather than form structures
ex: enzymes, hemoglobin, some hormones

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21
Q

glucose

A

principal sugar in blood; monosaccharide

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22
Q

lipids

A

organic compound formed of CHO (carbon,hydrogen and oxygen)
ex: fats, cholesterol, steroids
insoluable in water

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23
Q

neutralization

A

combination of an acid and a base
form water and a salt

24
Q

exchange reaction

A

reaction in which bonds are both made and broken

25
Q

acid

A

proton donor
releases hydrogen ions (H+)

26
Q

base

A

proton acceptors
release hydroxyl ions (OH-)

27
Q

triglycerides

A

neutral fats composed of fatty acids and glycerol
found in fat deposits
nonpolar
source of stored energy

28
Q

protons

A

positive subatomic particles

29
Q

neutrons

A

subatomic particles with no charge

30
Q

electrons

A

negatively charged subatomic particles

31
Q

salts

A

ionic compound that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water
vital to many bodily functions

32
Q

active site

A

surface of gobular protein where it interacts with other molecules of complementary shape and size

33
Q

glycerol

A

sugar alcohol
building block of fats

34
Q

DNA

A

nucleic acid found in all living cells

35
Q

covalent bond

A

sharing of electrons between atoms

36
Q

nonpolar vs polar covalent bonds

A

nonpolar: atoms are shared equally
polar: atoms are shared unequally

37
Q

hydrolysis

A

water used to split a substance into smaller particles

38
Q

fatty acid

A

building block of fats

39
Q

inorganic compounds

A

lacking carbon
ex: H2O, NaCl, Hcl, NaH

40
Q

organic compounds

A

contain carbon
ex: protiens,carbohydrates, fats

41
Q

structural (fibrous) protein

A

strand like protein appears most often in body structures
important for binding structures together and providing strength in certain body tissues

42
Q

buffer

A

chemicals that can regulate ph change

43
Q

phospholipid

A

triglyceride containing phosphorous
polar head, non-polar tail
form cell membranes

44
Q

nucleic acid

A

class of organic molecules containing RNA and DNA

45
Q

decomposition

A

complex substances are broken down into simpler ones

46
Q

ionic bonds

A

bond formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another

47
Q

hydrogen bond

A

weak bond in which a hydrogen atom forms a bridge between electron-hungry atoms

48
Q

how are carbohydrtaes classified?

A

by size

49
Q

name the four types of organic compunds

A

proteins
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids

50
Q

what is the basis for all steroids made in the body?

A

cholesterol

51
Q

list examples of some steroids

A

bile salts, vitamin D, cholesterol, some hormones

52
Q

what is the plant storage molecule for glucose?

A

starch

53
Q

what is the human form of glucose storage?

A

glycogen

54
Q

carbohydrates

A

contain CHON (carbon,oxygen,hydrogen,nitrogen) iclude sugars and starches
classififed by size

55
Q

proteins

A

made of amino acids
contain CHON (carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen) sometimes sulfur

56
Q
A

Human anatomy and physiology (4 decks)

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