Biochemistry Flashcards
matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
energy
the ability to do work
elements
fundamental units of matter - building blocks of matter
atoms
building block of elements
atomic mass
sum of protons and neutrons
atomic number
number of protons
ions
charged particles
molecules
combination of two or more LIKE atoms
compound
combination of two or more UNLIKE atoms
anions vs cations
anions-negative
cations-positive
ph scale
measures relative concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance
measures acidity or alkalinity
enzyme
biological catalyst
functional protein formed by living cells
monosaccharide
simple sugar
building block of carbohydrates
(mono- one)
ex: glucose, fructose
synthesis
larger molecules are formed from simple ones
disaccharide
two simple sugars
ex: sucrose, lactose
polysaccharides
long chains of simple sugars
ex: starch, glycogen
nucleotide
building block of nucleic acids
amino acids
building block of protiens
contain CHON (carbon,hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen)
electrolyte
breaks down into ions in a solution and conducts electrical currents
gobular (functional) protein
spherical functional protein
do things rather than form structures
ex: enzymes, hemoglobin, some hormones
glucose
principal sugar in blood; monosaccharide
lipids
organic compound formed of CHO (carbon,hydrogen and oxygen)
ex: fats, cholesterol, steroids
insoluable in water
neutralization
combination of an acid and a base
form water and a salt
exchange reaction
reaction in which bonds are both made and broken
acid
proton donor
releases hydrogen ions (H+)
base
proton acceptors
release hydroxyl ions (OH-)
triglycerides
neutral fats composed of fatty acids and glycerol
found in fat deposits
nonpolar
source of stored energy
protons
positive subatomic particles
neutrons
subatomic particles with no charge
electrons
negatively charged subatomic particles
salts
ionic compound that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water
vital to many bodily functions
active site
surface of gobular protein where it interacts with other molecules of complementary shape and size
glycerol
sugar alcohol
building block of fats
DNA
nucleic acid found in all living cells
covalent bond
sharing of electrons between atoms
nonpolar vs polar covalent bonds
nonpolar: atoms are shared equally
polar: atoms are shared unequally
hydrolysis
water used to split a substance into smaller particles
fatty acid
building block of fats
inorganic compounds
lacking carbon
ex: H2O, NaCl, Hcl, NaH
organic compounds
contain carbon
ex: protiens,carbohydrates, fats
structural (fibrous) protein
strand like protein appears most often in body structures
important for binding structures together and providing strength in certain body tissues
buffer
chemicals that can regulate ph change
phospholipid
triglyceride containing phosphorous
polar head, non-polar tail
form cell membranes
nucleic acid
class of organic molecules containing RNA and DNA
decomposition
complex substances are broken down into simpler ones
ionic bonds
bond formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another
hydrogen bond
weak bond in which a hydrogen atom forms a bridge between electron-hungry atoms
how are carbohydrtaes classified?
by size
name the four types of organic compunds
proteins
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
what is the basis for all steroids made in the body?
cholesterol
list examples of some steroids
bile salts, vitamin D, cholesterol, some hormones
what is the plant storage molecule for glucose?
starch
what is the human form of glucose storage?
glycogen
carbohydrates
contain CHON (carbon,oxygen,hydrogen,nitrogen) iclude sugars and starches
classififed by size
proteins
made of amino acids
contain CHON (carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen) sometimes sulfur
