Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anaphy > Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

study of the structure of the human body and
relationships between body parts

A

Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A type of anatomy that can be undertaken WITHOUT a MICROSCOPE

A

GROSS or MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Requires the use of a MICROSCOPE (e.g.
LIGHT or PHASE-contrast microscope)

A

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

requires the use of TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (TEM) or SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM)

A

ULTRAMICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

study of the CELLS which make up the different tissues of the body

A

Cytology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

microscopic study of the TISSUES; also part of microscopic anatomy

A

HISTOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

study of PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT.

A

EMBRYOLOGICAL ANATOMY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

study of STRUCTURAL CHANGE associated with DISEASE

A

PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Study of body by SYSTEMS(e.g. DIGESTIVE System, REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A

SYSTEMIC ANATOMY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Study of the organization of the body by specific REGIONS or areas(e.g. HEAD and
NECK)

A

REGIONAL ANATOMY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Study of external features (ex. bony projections),
which serve as landmarks for locating deeper
structures

A

SURFACE ANATOMY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

➢ study of how the body parts come together to function

and keep the body alive

➢ occurs at many levels, including organisms, organ

systems, organ, cells, and biomolecules

A

Physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Study of the functions of the cell

A

CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Study of specific organ systems and how they function (e.g. respiratory system; digestive system; reproductive system; excretory system)

A

SYSTEMIC PHYSIOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

body’s major organs include

A

the brain, lungs, heart, liver, pancreas,
spleen, stomach, gallbladder, kidneys, large intestine, small intestines,
urinary bladder, and urethra.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss and helps produce vitamins D consist of hair, skin, nails, sebaceous glands and sweat glands

A

Integumentary System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Provides protection and support, allows body to move

A

Skeletal System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Produce body movements, maintains posture and produces body heat. Consists of muscle attach to the skeleton by tendons

A

Muscular System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

➢refers to the specific relationship of the many individual parts
of an organism, from cell organelles to organs, interacting and
working together

➢living things are highly organized; disruption of this organized
state can result in loss of function and death

A

Organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

➢is the ability to use energy to perform vital functions, such as
growth, movement, and reproduction

➢plants capture energy from sunlight to synthesize sugars (a
process called photosynthesis), and humans obtain energy from
food

A

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

➢ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment
and make the adjustments that help maintain its life

➢example: if body temperature increases in a hot environment,
sweat glands produce sweat, which can lower body temperature
down to the normal level

A

Responsiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

➢refers to an increase in size of all or part of the organism
➢can result from an increase in cell number, cell size, or the
amount of substance surrounding cells
➢example: bones grow when the number of bone cells increases
and the bone cells become surrounded by bone matrix

A

Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

➢changes an organism undergoes through time

➢human development begins when the egg is fertilized by the
sperm and ends with death

A

Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

➢change in cell structure and function from generalized to
specialized

A

Differentiation

25
Q

➢formation of new cells or new organisms

➢without reproduction of cells, growth and tissue repair are
impossible

➢without reproduction of the organism, the species becomes
extinct

A

Reproduction

26
Q

Life depends on five (5) environmental factors:

A
  • Water
  • Food
  • Oxygen
  • Heat
  • Pressure
27
Q

important for breathing

A

atmospheric pressure

28
Q

keeps blood flowing

A

hydrostatic pressure

29
Q

maintain stable internal conditions no matter what changes are occurring outside the body

A

Homeostasis

30
Q

monitored by the brain and nervous system and regulated by the physiology andactivity of individual organs

A

Homeostasis

31
Q

monitors aspects of the internal environment and corrects as
needed. Variations are within limits.

A

Homeostatic Control Mechanism

32
Q

provides information about the stimuli

A

Receptor

33
Q

tells what a particular value should be (called the set point)

A

Control Center

34
Q

elicits responses that change conditions in the internal environment

A

Effector

35
Q

a response to the INITIATING STIMULUS

A

FEEDBACK SYSTEM

36
Q

when the response is OPPOSITE to the initiating stimulus
* Prevents sudden, severe changes in the body
* Corrects the set point
* Causes opposite of bodily disruption to occur, i.e. the ‘negative’
* Most common type of feedback loop
* Example: Increased production of HEAT by the body to oppose
the effect of COLD weather

A

Negative feedback

37
Q

Provides precise description of features structure in the body

A

Anatomical Terminology

38
Q

Front of ventral

A

Anterior

39
Q

Back of body dorsal

A

Posterior

40
Q

Above , or towards the head

A

Superior

40
Q

Below, or towards the feet

A

Inferior

41
Q

Closer to where arm or leg inserts into body

A

Proximal

41
Q

Further away from where arm or leg inserts into body

A

Distal

42
Q

Closer to midline

A

Medial

42
Q

Further from midline

A

Lateral

43
Q

The left hand and left
foot are

A

IPSILATERAL

44
Q

The right elbow and left
knee are

A

CONTRALATERAL

45
Q

divides body vertically into left and right parts

A

Sagittal or Median

46
Q

divides body into equal left and right portions

A

Mid-sagittal

47
Q

divides body into top and bottom portions

A

Transverse or Horizontal

48
Q

runs vertically from right to left and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

A

Coronal or Frontal

49
Q

a cut along the length of the organ

A

Longitudinal

50
Q

cuts completely through an organ

A

Transverse or cross section

51
Q

a cut made diagonally across the long axis

A

Oblique

52
Q

*surrounded by the rib cage
and muscular diaphragm

*divided into right and left
parts by a center structure
called the mediastinum
(wall) that houses the heart,
thymus, trachea

A

Thoracic cavity

53
Q

bounded by the abdominal muscles and contains the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys

A

Abdominal cavity

54
Q

a small space enclosed by the pelvic bones and contains the
urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, and internal
reproductive organs

A

Pelvic cavity

55
Q

covers the internal organ

A

Visceral layer

55
Q

lines the wall of the cavity

➢ secretes fluid that fills the space between the parietal and visceral membranes
- protect organs from friction

A

Parietal layer

Anaphy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions