Integumentary

Question 1

Integumentary System
Structures:

Answer 1

● Skin
● Hair
● Nails
● Glands

Question 2

• Superficial layer of keratinized stratified squamous
  epithelial tissue
• Avascular (there are no blood vessels present)
• Composed of epithelial cells arranged into layers or
  strata
• Separated from dermis by basement membrane
• Protect against the potential damage from abrasion on the
  skin’s surface
• Not as thick as the dermis

Answer 2

Epidermis

Question 3

produce a protein mixture called keratin (makes
cells more durable)

• durability of keratinocytes gives the epidermis
  its ability to resist abrasion and reduce water loss
• constantly lost at its surface but are also
  constantly replaced by new keratinocytes moving from deeper
  layers

Answer 3

Keratinocytes

Question 4

produce the pigment melanin, which contributes to
skin color

Answer 4

Melanocytes

Question 4

• 2-5 layers of somewhat flattened, diamond-shaped cells
• there is a presence of protein granules of keratohyalin which
  accumulate in the ctyoplams of keratinocytes
• lamellar bodies move to the plasma membrane and release lipid
  contents
• nucleus and other organelles degenerate in superficial layers

Answer 4

Stratum Granulosum

Question 5

thin, clear zone of dead keratinocytes with indistinct
boundaries

• found only in palms and soles
• cells appear somewhat transparent
• present only in thick skin

Answer 5

Stratum Lucidum

Question 5

consists of 25 or more layers of dead, overlapping squamous
cells joined by desmosomes called cornified cells (dead
keratinocytes with a hard protein envelope)

• cell remnants have a soft protein envelope of keratin

Answer 5

Stratum Corneum

Question 6

8-10 layers of many-sided cells and as the cells in this
stratum is pushed up, it flattens (desmosomes break apart)

• additional keratin fibers and lipid-filled, membrane-bound
  organelles called lamellar bodies form inside the cells

Answer 6

Stratum Spinosum

Question 7

deepest portion and is a single layer of cuboidal or columnar
cells
- the epidermis is anchored to the basement membrane
- high mitotic activity in keratinocytes which undergo mitosis
every 19 days

Answer 7

Stratum Basale

Question 8

• provides protection against UV light
• derived from tyrosine
• primarily responsible for skin, hair, and eye color

Answer 8

Melanin

Question 9

deposit melanosomes and produces melanin

Answer 9

Melanocytes

Question 10

deficiency or absence of pigment

Answer 10

Albinism

Question 11

• yellow pigment from vegetables, source of vitamin A
• accumulates in stratum corneum, adipose cells and
  subcutaneous tissue

Answer 11

Carotene

Question 12

red color caused by increased blood flow

Answer 12

Erythema

Question 13

• Gives structural strength, C.T. with many fibers
• Contains nerves, blood vessels, hair follicles, smooth muscles,
  glands, and lymphatic vessels
• Sensory functions: pain, itch, tickle, temperature, touch,
  pressure, two-p

Answer 13

Dermis