Chemical Basis of Life

Question 1

occur when outermost electrons (valence shell electrons) are transferred or shared between atoms

Answer 1

Chemical bonds

Question 2

Types of chemical bonds

Answer 2

Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen

Question 3

a charged atom formed because of a donation or gain of an electron(s)

Answer 3

Ion

Question 4

occurs when there is an attraction between two oppositely charged ions

Answer 4

Ionic bonding

Question 5

2 or more atoms chemically combine

Answer 5

Molecule

Question 6

chemical combination of 2 or more different types of atoms

example: NaCl

Answer 6

NaCl

Question 7

forms when the positive end of one polar molecule is weakly attracted to the negative end of another polar molecule

Answer 7

Hydrogen Bond

Question 8

All of our biomolecules are classified into four groups:

Answer 8

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

Question 9

Complex carbohydrates

Answer 9

Starch and Cellulose

Question 10

Simple Carbohydrates

Answer 10

Sugar

Question 11

Carbohydrate ratio

Answer 11

1 carbon: 2 hydrogen :1 oxygen.
C6H12O6

Question 12

Break down quickly in the body
Provide a quick burst of energy or a “sugar rush”

Answer 12

Sugar

Question 13

(blood sugar) is the most important & simplest sugar on Earth.
Used in cells & created by photosynthesis
It comes in many forms

Answer 13

Glucose

Question 14

are more complex & take much longer to break down

Answer 14

Fats

Question 15

are high-energy molecules that plants and animals use to store energy in reserves for longer periods.

Answer 15

Fats

Question 16

is a fat that is liquid at room temperature.

Answer 16

Oil

Question 17

is another lipid in cell membranes
It is also needed to make hormones like adrenaline

Answer 17

Cholesterol

Question 18

Proteins are big molecules called

Answer 18

macromolecules

Question 19

Made of smaller molecules called

Answer 19

amino acids

Question 20

There are at least ______ proteins in your body

Answer 20

100, 000

Question 21

surrounds everything in a cell so it doesn’t leak out. It is kind of like the balloon in a water balloon. is made mostly of protein AND lipids.

Answer 21

Cell Membrane

Question 22

are part of the immune system. When something enters the body that isn’t supposed to be there, like certain bacteria, antibodies find the invader and stick themselves onto it.

Answer 22

Antibodies

Question 23

speed up the rate of a reaction.

Answer 23

Catalyst

Question 24

are needed for many chemical reactions in your body.
Without them, these reactions would occur too slowly to keep you alive

Answer 24

Enzymes

Question 25

are chemicals made in glands that are in one place in the body and then put into the blood to be used in another.

Answer 25

Hormones

Question 26

Largest & most complex biomolecule include DNA and RNA. Contain information that cells use to make proteins

Answer 26

Nucleic Acids

Question 27

Nucleic acids are made of

Answer 27

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

Question 27

are biomolecules that contain the blueprints for making proteins, also transmit genetic info to the next generation

Answer 27

Nucleic Acids

Question 28

One of the largest molecules

Answer 28

DNA

Question 29

A single DNA molecule has more than ________ atoms

Answer 29

1 million

Question 30

The “rungs” of the ladder are made of:

Answer 30

Nitrogen bases

Question 31

are inorganic elements that come from the earth.

Answer 31

Minerals

Question 32

are organic substances made by plants or animals.

Answer 32

Vitamins

Question 33

Play an important role in vision, bone growth, reproduction, cell division, and cell differentiation.

Answer 33

Vitamins A

Question 34

Helps build strong bones and healthy teeth

Answer 34

Calcium

Question 35

helps the body transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of your body

Answer 35

Irons

Question 36

-Keeps muscles and nervous system working properly.

-An electrolyte that conducts electricity in the body

Answer 36

Potassium

Question 37

is both an electrolyte and mineral.
helps keep the water (the amount of fluid inside and outside the body’s cells) and electrolyte balance of the body.

Answer 37

Sodium

Question 38

Supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence.

Answer 38

Zinc

Question 39

Foods rich in zinc

Answer 39

beef, pork, lamb, & legumes

Question 40

is used for strong bones and teeth. Reduces the number of cavities in your teeth

Answer 40

Fluoride

Question 41

combines with proteins to make antioxidants and is also essential for normal thyroid function.

Answer 41

Selenium