Introduction to Human Anatomy part 1

Question 1

____ study of the body structure in their relationship to one another

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

_____study of large body structures that are visible to the naked eye.

Answer 2

Gross Anatomy

Question 3

____ superficial anatomical markings, general form (Cutting)

Answer 3

Surface anatomy

Question 4

____ studied of all structures in an organ system

Answer 4

Systemic anatomy

Question 5

___ study of a small structure that cannot be seen with the naked eye.

Answer 5

Microscopic Anatomy

Question 6

____ the study of individual cells and their internal structures called organelles

Answer 6

Cytology

Question 7

___ the study of tissues, groups of specialized cells.

Answer 7

Histology

Question 8

_____ the study function and how the body works

Answer 8

physiology

Question 9

_____relationship between anatomy and physiology.
EX: The elbow is a monoaxial hinge joint. The tight fit between the humerus and ulna only permits motion through the sagittal plane.

Answer 9

Structure determines function

Question 10

_____ state of balance in which the body’s internal environment remains relatively stable despite changes in the internal and external environment.

Answer 10

Homeostasis

Question 11

Homeostatic control mechanism involves the following Components: They are Seven
VSSCENP

Answer 11

Variable
Stimulus
Sensor (receptor)
Control center 
Effector
Negative feedback
Positive feedback

Question 12

____ factor being regulated

Answer 12

Variable

Question 13

___produces a change in the variable

Answer 13

Stimulus

Question 14

_____monitors enviroment and detects changes

Answer 14

Sensor(receptor)

Question 15

____ analyzes input from the receptor and determines output to effector

Answer 15

Control center

Question 16

___ cell or organ that carries out a response to regulate the variable by either depressing or enhancing the stimulus

Answer 16

effectors

Question 17

___ the response of the effector counteracts the intensity of the original stimulus.
EX: regulation of the body temperature and blood composition

Answer 17

Negative feedback

Question 18

___ the effector response intensifies the original stimulus causing the variable to move further away from its normal limits,

• Usually destabilizing
• Ex: Childbirth and blood clotting

Answer 18

Positive feedback

Question 19

___ each level builds on the previous from smallest and simplest to largest and most complex

Answer 19

Levels of organization

Question 20

What level has the simplest atom

• Atoms
• Molecules

Answer 20

Chemical level

Question 21

_____ tiny particles which are the building blocks of matter

Answer 21

Atoms

Question 22

______atoms combine to form molecules

Answer 22

Molecules

Question 23

____cells are the smallest living units in the body

Answer 23

Cellular level

Question 24

____similar cells grouped together to perform a common function

Answer 24

Tissue level

Question 25

___organs are structures made up of two or more tissue types that work to perform a specialized physiological process

Answer 25

Organ level

Question 26

____organs that work closely together to accomplish a common purpose

Answer 26

Organ system level

Question 27

Organismal level

Answer 27

all 11 organ systems working together to promote life. | - This level includes you and me.

Question 28

Levels of Organization? | smallest and simplest to largest and most complex

Answer 28

``` Chemical level cellular level Tissue level Organ level Organ system Organismal level ```

Question 29

11 organ system of the body

Answer 29

``` Integumentary system Skeletal system Muscular system Nervous system Endocrine system Cardiovascular system Lymphatic system/ Immune system Respiratory system Digestive system Urinary system Male/ female reproctutive system ```

Question 30

Organs: Skin,hair, sensory receptors, sweat and other exocrine glands. Functions: Encloses and protects internal body organs. Contains numerous receptors that detect sensory information.

Answer 30

Integumentary system

Question 31

Organs: Bones, cartilage and ligaments Functions: Supports the body and enables movement.

Answer 31

Skeletal System

Question 32

Organ: Muscle and tendons. Functions: Contracts to produce motion. Heat production.

Answer 32

Muscular System

Question 33

Organs: Brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Functions: Collects and processes information from the senses via nerves and the brain and tells the muscles to contract to contract physical actions.

Answer 33

Nervous System

Question 34

Organs: Endocrine glands (ex: pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, gonads) Functions: provides chemical communications within the body using hormones.

Answer 34

Endocrine system

Question 35

Organs: Heart and blood vessels. Functions: circulates blood around the body delivering nutrients to organs and cells and carrying their waste products away.

Answer 35

Cardiovascular system

Question 36

Organs: Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. Functions: Drains fluid from peripheral tissues to veins of the cardiovascular system. Defends the body against pathogenic viruses and bacteria that may endanger the body.

Answer 36

Lymphatic system/ Immune system

Question 37

Organs: Lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavities, and sinuses. Functions: Bring air into and out of the body to enable external respiration where oxygen is transferred into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from blood.

Answer 37

Respiratory System

Question 38

Organs: Oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, large intestine. Functions: Ingest food, absorb nutrients, and eliminates waste from the body.

Answer 38

Digestive system

Question 39

Organs: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Functions: Filter blood and produce urine to regulate blood composition and eliminate waste.

Answer 39

Urinary system:

Question 40

Organs: MALE: testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal glands, prostate gland, penis. FEMALE: ovaries, uterus, vagina, vulva, mammary glands. Functions: he production of offspring.

Answer 40

Male/ Female Reproductive system

Question 41

____is the initial reference point assumed when describing body parts. Sanding upright with legs together, feet flat on the floor, arms to the sides with palms facing forward.

Answer 41

Anatomical position

Question 42

allow us to describe where one body structure is in relation to another.

Answer 42

Anatomical directions

Question 43

Superior

Answer 43

above

Question 44

inferior

Answer 44

below

Question 45

posterior

Answer 45

behind

Question 46

anterior

Answer 46

front

Question 47

dorsal

Answer 47

back

Question 48

ventral

Answer 48

belly

Question 49

Deep

Answer 49

father from surface

Question 50

superficial

Answer 50

near surface

Question 51

distal

Answer 51

father from point of attachment

Question 52

proximal

Answer 52

closer to attachment

Question 53

Lateral

Answer 53

away from midline

Question 54

medial

Answer 54

towards the midline

Question 55

cephalic

Answer 55

head

Question 56

cranial

Answer 56

surrounding brain

Question 57

frontal

Answer 57

forehead

Question 58

Nasal

Answer 58

nose

Question 59

Otic

Answer 59

ear

Question 60

ocular

Answer 60

eye

Question 61

buccal

Answer 61

cheek

Question 62

Mental

Answer 62

chin

Question 63

cervical

Answer 63

neck

Question 64

thoracic

Answer 64

chest

Question 65

acromial

Answer 65

shoulder

Question 66

mammary

Answer 66

breast

Question 67

axillary

Answer 67

armpit

Question 68

abdominal

Answer 68

belly

Question 69

umbilical

Answer 69

navel

Question 70

pelvic

Answer 70

hip

Question 71

inguinal

Answer 71

later groin

Question 72

pubic

Answer 72

medial groin

Question 73

lumbar

Answer 73

loin

Question 74

dorsal

Answer 74

back

Question 75

brachial

Answer 75

arm

Question 76

Antecubital

Answer 76

anterior of elbow

Question 77

Antebrachial

Answer 77

forearm

Question 78

Carpal

Answer 78

wrist

Question 79

Olecranal

Answer 79

elbow

Question 80

palmar

Answer 80

anterior of hand

Question 81

digital

Answer 81

fingers

Question 82

pollex

Answer 82

thumb

Question 83

Femoral

Answer 83

thigh

Question 84

patellar

Answer 84

anterior of knee

Question 85

crural

Answer 85

leg

Question 86

Tarsal

Answer 86

ankle

Question 87

phalangeal

Answer 87

fingers r toes

Question 88

pedal

Answer 88

foot

Question 89

Hallux

Answer 89

big toe

Question 90

gluteal

Answer 90

buttock

Question 91

popliteal

Answer 91

posterior of knee

Question 92

sural

Answer 92

calf

Question 93

calcaneus

Answer 93

heel of foot

Question 94

plantar

Answer 94

sole of foot

Question 95

___ vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions

Answer 95

Sagittal

Question 96

___ section down the midline producing a left and right half

Answer 96

Midsagittal(median)

Question 97

____ section off from midline producing a larger and smaller section

Answer 97

Parasagittal

Question 98

_____ a vertical plane but divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Answer 98

Frontal ( coronal) plane

Question 99

_____horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Answer 99

Transverse

Question 100

Sectional anatomy -planes of the body

Answer 100

used to study internal structure

Question 101

Sectioning organs/ tissues

Answer 101

Longitudinal Transverse oblique

Question 102

____ cuts on the long axis of the specimen

Answer 102

Longitudinal section

Question 103

____ cuts at a right angle/ perpendicular to logitudinal axis

Answer 103

Transverse

Question 104

_____cuts at an angle other than perpendicular to logitudinal axis

Answer 104

oblique

Question 105

_____ cavities are spaces that are closed to the outside. The axial portion of the body has two large body cavities; dorsal and ventral

Answer 105

Body cavities

Question 106

Carnial cavity - contains brain | Spinal cavity - contains spinal cord

Answer 106

Dorsal body cavity

Question 107

cavity contains brain?

Answer 107

Carnial cavity

Question 108

cavity contains spinal cord?

Answer 108

Spinal cavity

Question 109

Ventral body cavity

Answer 109

Thoracic cavity pleural cavities pericardial cavity

Question 110

___ encloses by ribs, muscle, and superior to the diaphragm

Answer 110

Thoracic cavity

Question 111

right and left ______ which surround the lungs

Answer 111

pleural cavity

Question 112

Mediastimun

Answer 112

- pericardial cavity- surrounds the heart | - Trachea, esophagus, major blood vessels and thymus

Question 113

CAVITY;____surrounds the heart

Answer 113

pericardial cavity-

Question 114

____ inferior to the diaphragm, enclosed by the abdominal wall and pelvic bones

Answer 114

Abdominoplevic cavity

Question 115

what cavities are within the abdominoplevic cavity ?

Answer 115

Abdominal cavity | pelvic cavity

Question 116

digestive organs, spleen

Answer 116

Abdominal cavity

Question 117

female reproductive organs, bladder

Answer 117

pelvic cavity

Question 118

_____ four segments divide by a vertical and horizontal line passing through the umbilicus

Answer 118

Abdominoplevic quadrants

Question 119

Right upper Quadrant Left upper quadrant Right lower quadrant left lower quadrant

Answer 119

Abdominoplevic quadrants

Question 120

Right upper Quadrant

Answer 120

right lobe of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of the intestines.

Question 121

Left upper quadrant

Answer 121

left lobe of liver, left kidney, spleen, stomach, pancreas, portions of the intestines

Question 122

Right lower quadrant

Answer 122

portions of intestine (including Cecum &appendix), right ureter, right ovary in women, right spermatic cord in men.

Question 123

left lower quadrant

Answer 123

portions of intestines, left ureter, left ovary in women, left spermatic cord in men

Question 124

Abdominopelvic regions

Answer 124

``` umbilical region Epigastric region Hypogastric right/left hypochondriac right/left lumbar region right/left iliac region ```

Question 125

umbilical region

Answer 125

center most region: portions of stomach and intestines

Question 126

Epigastric region

Answer 126

superior to the umbilical region (epi= upon), gastric= belly) most of the liver and stomach

Question 127

Hypogastric

Answer 127

inferior to the umbilical region (hypo=below): urinary bladder, portions of intestines (including appendix), pubic symphysis, uterus and ovaries in women, prostate in men

Question 128

right hypochondriac

Answer 128

flank epigastric laterally (chondro= cartilage) | *Part of right lobe of liver

Question 129

left hypochondriac

Answer 129

flank epigastric laterally (chondro= cartilage) | *spleen

Question 130

right lumbar region

Answer 130

lateral to the umbilical | *portions of the intestines (including ascending colon)

Question 131

left lumbar region

Answer 131

lateral to the umbilical | *portions of the intestines ( including descending colon)

Question 132

right iliac region

Answer 132

lateral to hypogastric | *portions of intestines (including cecum)

Question 133

left iliac region

Answer 133

lateral to hypogastric | *portions of intestines (including sigmoid colon)