Integumentary System Flashcards
List the 4 integumentary systems
- protection
- thermo regulation
- sensation
- metabolism (chemical reeactions)
What function of the integumentary system is this?
_______ keratin is a protein produced by the epidermis to provide physical strength and help create a water resistance protective barrier covering the body. Melanin is brown pigment in the skin that absorbs UV radiation to protect from the damaging effects of the sun.
Protection
What function of the integumentary system is this?
_____is brown pigment in the skin that absorbs UV radiation to protect from the damaging effects of the sun.
Melanin
What function of the integumentary system is this?
____ The production of sweat on the surface of the skin that evaporates cooling the body down.
Thermo (temperature) regulation
What function of the integumentary system is this?
___ the skin contains a variety of exteroreceptors also known as somatosensory receptors that detect stimuli in the external environment this is what we commonly refer to as the sense of touch. This includes the hair follicle receptors at the base of hair follicles that detect the movement of hair.
Sensory
What function of the integumentary system is this?
____ of the skin enables the synthesis of vitamin D from cholesterol in the presence of UV-B radiation from sunlight
Metabolism ( chemical reactions)
____ superficial keratinized stratified squamous epithelium facing the exterior of the body.
Epidermis
_____Composed of connective tissue deep to the epidermis that provides structural support and a route for blood vessels that provide nutritional support to the epidermis.
Dermis
___ most superficial layer of the dermis consists of areolar CT adjacent to epidermis
Papillary Layer
____ dense irregular CT forming the majority of the dermis.
reticular layer
____ layer of adipose connective tissue deep to the dermis.
Hypodermis (superficial fascia or subcutaneous adipose tissue)
what are the cells in the epidermis?
Keratinocytes
Melanocyte
Langerhas
Merkel cells
___ most common cells in the epidermis and they produce the fibrous intermediate filament protein keratin that provides strength to the epidermis and helps make keep a water-resistance barrier.
Keratinocytes cells
____ cells that produce a brown pigment called melanin that absorbs UV radiation to protect from the damaging effects of the sun.
Melanocyte cells
____ type of luekocyte found in the epidermis where they can monitor the skin for infections.
Langherhan’ cells
_____ specialized nueroepithelial somatosensory receptor cells that detect changes in the shape of the skin that contribute to our sense of touch.
Merkel cells
What are the layers of the epidermis:
There are 5
Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum
____ is laterally translated as basal layer referring to the deepest layer of the epidermis forms firm attachments to the basal lamina. This layer is also called the stratum germinativum which comes from the Latin word germinare meaning to sprout keratinocytes. Melanocytes that produce the brown pigment melanin and Merkles cells that detect touch are also found at the border of the dermis and the epidermis in the stratum basale.
Stratum Basale
Literally means spiny layer and this refers to the 8-10 layers of cells superficial to the stratum basale. the Keratinocytes in htis layer contain a web-like system of intermediate filaments of the pre-keratin protein attached to desmosomes. Melanin granules are packages of melanin that are produced by melanocytes and taken up by keratinocytes.
Stratum Spinosum
_____ are packages of melanin that are produced by melanocytes and taken up by keratinocytes.
Melanin granules
______ literally means granular layer is 3-4 cells thick containing keratinocytes that are becoming flattened and disintegrating their organelles and prepare to go through a programed cell death as they excrete lipid granules, the cytoplasm fills with keratin and the cell becomes flat and the plasma membrane thickens
Stratum granules
______ literally means clear layer and it is a thin layer only a few cell thick that does not stain when prepared for light microscopy giving it a clear appearance. The stratum lucidum is superficial to the stratum granulosum and deep to the stratum corneum in thick skin covering palmar and plantar regions that does not have hair follicles. This layer is not present in the thin skin covering most of the body.
Stratum lucidum
-_____ literally translated is horny layer and refers to the superficial layer of dead keratinocytes filled with keratin and surrounded by glycolipids filling the extracellular space to create a water-resistant barrier. This is the thinkest layer of the epidermis accounting for about 2/3 of the epidermis. Cells are constantly being shed from the stratum corneum and born at the stratum basale. A cell takes 15-20 days to differentiate and die as it travels from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum. These dead keratinocytes stay attached to the epidermis for about 2 weeks before they are normally shed.
Stratum Corneum
Pigments that color the skin:
Melanin Hemoglobin cyanosis bilirubin Juandice carotenosis
______ produced by melanocytes gives the skin a brown color. Freckles and pigmented moles are examples of increased melanin accumulating within local regions of the skin. A tan is an increase in melanin resulting from exposure to the sun that activates melanocytes to produce more melanin.
Melanin
________ Is a red pigment found in erythrocytes. Increased blood flow can turn the skin red as when a person with light skin is blushing. The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin affects the color. Hemoglobin is bright red when saturated with oxygen but as it becomes deoxygenated the color shifts to a darker red that appears blue through the skin.
Hemoglobin
_____refers to the characteristic blue color of the skin that indicates lack of oxygen as occurs when a person is suffocating.
Cyanosis
_______ is a breakdown product of hemoglobin
*Jaundice
bilirubin
_______ is a yellow pigmentation of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high bilirubin levels.
*May indicate impaired liver function
Jaundice
______ gives the skin an orange color. Carotene can be converted into vitamin A. Many foods contain carotene including carrots and excessive consumption of carrots can turn your skin orange in a condition known as carotenosis.
Carotene
____ small accessory organs that produce hair
Hair follicle
____made of keratin
hair
epithelium continuous with the epidermis but extending down deep in the dermis. The _____ grows out of the hair follicle and becomes the _____ as grows superficially.
Hair root, Hair shaft
______ is the large bulge in the region surrounding the deep end of the hair root. The papilla at the base of the hair bulb contains blood vessels that provide nutrients to the growing epithelial cells hair follicle. Basal cells of the matrix within the hair bulb divide and differentiate as they move outward in the hair root causing the shaft to grow.
Hair bulb
______ protection sensory input, thermoregulation, and communication.
Functions of hair
_____ muscle is a smooth muscle that pulls on the hair follicle to make the hair stand out causing goosebumps.
Arrector pili
_______ consists of specialized endings of neurons that detect movement of the hair.
Hair follicle receptor
\_\_\_\_\_\_: carry information from specialized somatosensory receptors: Free never endings Pacinian corpuscle Meissner corpuscle Merkel cells
Sensory nerve fibers
_____ that extend through the dermis and epidermis contribute to the sense of pain.
Free nerve endings
______ found deep in the reticular layer of the dermis is another somatosensory receptor that contributes to the sense of touch by detecting deep pressure and vibration.
Pacinian Corpuscle
_____ is a somatosensory receptor common in the skin on the tips of the fingers that are very sensitive to detect light touch. The Meissner’s corpuscle is found in the superficial portion of the dermis in Dermal papillae where areolar connective tissue forms the superficial layer of the dermis called the papillary layer. The Reticular layer is the deep layer of the dermis composed of dense irregular CT.
Meissner corpuscle
_________is found in the superficial portion of the dermis in _________where areolar connective tissue forms the superficial layer of the dermis called the papillary layer.
The Meissner’s corpuscle, Dermal papillae
________ is the deep layer of the dermis composed of dense irregular CT.
The Reticular layer
______ are specialized sensory receptors cell found in the deepest layer of the epidermis that are sensitive to movement of the epidermis.
Merkel cells
list types of Exocrine glands
Sebaceous glands
sudoriferous ( sweat) gland
*eccrine sweat glands
*approcrine sweat glands
_______ produce an oily secretion that protects and lubricates the hair skin. Sebaceous glands are composed of a stratified cuboidal epithelium that uses the holocrine secretion mode to produce the oily sebum.
Sebaceous glands
_____ coiled tubular glands that consist of stratified cuboidal epithelium that produces watery merocrine secretion to cool body.
- eccrine sweat glands
- approcrine sweat glands
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
_______ all over body, more in palmar & plantar regoins.
eccrine (Meroccrine) sweat glands
___ located in the Axilla, groin, face, &nipples
approcrine sweat glands
______ are another accessory structure produced by modified epidermal tissue. The epithelial tissue of the nail matrix produces a hard secretion of keratin at the root of the nail that is covered by the proximal fold skin, . As the nail grows it pushes out past the cuticle or eponychium to produce the exposed body of the nail.
Functions: Protection, scratching, grasping small objects.
Nails
