Introduction to HLSD Flashcards
nature influence on development?
genetic or hereditary influences
nurture influence on development?
experimental or environmental influences
continuous?
development that occurs in a smooth progression e.g. height
discontinuity?
development that occurs in a series of abrupt shifts e.g. locomotion
life-cycle forces?
how same event affects people of different ages
what is a theory?
an organised set of ideas that is designed to explain developement
major theoretical perspectives on human development?
- psychodynamic (freud, erikson)
- learning (watson, skinnerm bandura)
- cognitive (piaget, kohlberg)
- ecological and systems (bronfenbrenner, lawton and nahemow)
- lifespan (baltes)
what is psychodynamic - freud?
-human behaviour largely governed by motives and drives that are internal and often unconcious
what are 5 stages of psychosexual development according to freud?
- oral (0-1 yrs) weaning
- anal (1-3 yrs) toilet training
- phallic (3-6 yrs) identifying with adult role models
- latency (6-12 yrs) expanding social contacts
- genital (12+ yrs) establishing family and next generation
behaviourism?
skinner - operant conditioning - consequence of behaviour determine whether it will be repeated
social learning theory (bandura)?
- people learn by watching others
- more likely to imitate those who we admire
piaget’s stages?
- sensorimotor (0-2)
- preoperational (2-6)
- concrete operational thought (7-early adolescence)
- formal operational thought (adolescence-beyond)
hardware?
brain structures related to learning, memory, problem solving
software?
processes that are run programs (doing addition, typing, painting a picture)
bronfenbrenner’s theory?
- the microsystem (people and objects in immediate environment)
- the mesosystem (created from connections between microsystems)
- the exosystem (social, environmental, and governmental forces)
- the macrosystem (subcultures and cultures in which the other 3 systems are embedded)
