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Adolescent Development Flashcards

1
Q

When do girls undergo puberty?

A

around 11 years of age

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2
Q

when do boys undergo puberty?

A

around 13 years of age

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3
Q

how much weight do girls and boys gain during the adolescent growth spurt?

A

9 kg and 11.4 kg

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4
Q

when do girls begin their growth spurt relative to boys?

A

2 years before boys

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5
Q

when do both girls and boys start their growth spurt and reach mature status?

A
  • girls = 11, 15

- boys = 13, 17

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6
Q

what are primary sex characteristics?

A

organs directly involved in reproduction

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7
Q

what are secondary sex characteristics?

A

physical signs of maturity that are not directly linked to reproduction

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8
Q

examples of secondary sex characteristics in girls and boys?

A
  • girls = breasts and width of the pelvis

- boys = facial hair, deepening of the voice, broadening of the shoulders in boys

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9
Q

what is menarche?

A

onset of menstruation in girls

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10
Q

what is spermarche?

A

first spontaneous ejaculation of sperm-containing flui

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11
Q

what is the timing of menarche in countries where nutrition and health care are better?

A

earlier menarche

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12
Q

what does psychosocial stress do to menarche? why?

A

earlier menarche. the sustained stress pushes girl through development

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13
Q

what does higher bmi do to menarche? specifics of the fact?

A

higher bmi at age 8 in australia is associated with earlier menarche

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14
Q

are boys are girls more likely to be pleased with their appearance?

A

boys

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15
Q

what is early maturation for girls and boys?

A

9, 11

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16
Q

what is late maturation for girls and boys?

A

(14-15), (15-16)

17
Q

who does early maturation benefit?

18
Q

what is moodiness associated with?

A

activities. recreational activities are associated with good mood and adult-regulated activities with negative mood.

19
Q

psychosocial tasks of adolescence?

A
  1. acceptance of the changed sexualised body
  2. emancipation from parents
  3. develop a new relationship with peers
  4. find a (lucrative) activity
  5. construct a system of values
  6. achieve an identity
20
Q

how many calories should girls and boys consume a day during teen years?

A

2200, 2700

21
Q

overweight teens are:

A
  • more likely to be unpopular, have low-self-esteem
  • put health at risk (high bp, diabetes)
  • at risk of overweightness in adulthood
22
Q

how can genes affect obesity?

A

affect on basal metabolic rate

23
Q

how many programs for losing weight work?

24
Q

how many 12-17 year old students reported lifetime use of anabolic and androgenic steroids?

25
Q

what is lifetime use of anabolic and androgenic steroids associated with?

A
  • being male
  • below average academic performance
  • other substance use
26
Q

risk taking in adults and young people difference?

A
  • young people are more likely to accept ambiguous situations - where positive and negative outcomes are unknown
  • adolescents may give greater weight to the social consequences of choices
27
Q

smoking in australians 12-17 years old?

A
  • smoking in australia is decreasing

- 2.5% smoke daily

28
Q

what is average age of first cigarette for males and females?

A
  • males = 15.2

- females = 16.5

29
Q

proportion of 12-17 years old not drinking alcohol or abstaining?

A

increasing

30
Q

NH&MRC definition of binge-drinking?

A

“On a single occasion of drinking, the risk of alcohol related injury increases with the amount consumed. For healthy men and women, drinking no more than 4 standard drinks on a single occasion reduces the risk of alcohol-related injury arising from that occasion.”

31
Q

what is sexual orientation?

A

patterns of emotional, romantic and sexual attraction and our sense of personal and social identity based on these attractions

32
Q

how many 15 year olds and 18 year olds had romantic relationships in the past 1.5 years?

A

50% of 15 year olds, 70-something%

33
Q

what is early dating with many partners related to ?

A

-problems in adolescence

34
Q

what is early dating associated with?

A

less satisfying romantic relationships in adulthood

35
Q

difference between girls and boys in relationships?

A

girls put more importance

36
Q

factors associating with lack of use of contraceptives?

A
  • ignorance
  • illusion of invulnerability
  • lack of motivation
  • lack of access
37
Q

factors related to females being forced to have sex with someone they know?

A
  • judgement or assertiveness impaired by alcohol
  • submissive beliefs about female role
  • fact that the couple have had sex before
38
Q

factors related to boys committing acts of violence?

A
  • abused as children or witnessed domestic violence

- belief that violence is a norma part of romantic relationships

HLSD (7 decks)

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