Introduction to Histology

Question 1

What is Histology?

Answer 1

The study of tissues which are a group of similar cells varying in appearance, structure, and function.

Question 2

What is Cytology?

Answer 2

The study of cells which are the smallest unit of living matter capable of independent existence and reproduction.

Question 3

What are the Embryonic origin of tissues?

Answer 3

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm

Question 4

The embryonic germ layers give rise to 4 types of tissues, what are they?

Answer 4

1. Epithelium
2. Muscle
3. Connective Tissue
4. Nervous Tissue

Question 5

What is Protoplasm?

Answer 5

Term used for both cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.

Question 6

What is Conductivity?

Answer 6

The ability to conduct electrical energy throughout the cell from point to point.

Question 7

What is contractability?

Answer 7

Ability to change shapes.

Question 8

What is Respiration?

Answer 8

Capable of metabolism

Question 9

Reproduction:

Answer 9

1. Amitosis: direct non halving of the cell. (cancer cells)
2. Meiosis: restricted to gametes and germ cells. (sex determination)
3. Mitosis: Common way of cell division. (Identical daughter cell)

Question 10

What are the five stages of Mitosis:

Answer 10

1. Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

Question 11

What is Cytoplasm?

Answer 11

Its located outside of the nucleus but within the cell membrane.

Question 12

What does Cytoplasm contain?

Answer 12

1. Inclusions: non-living substances within a cell. No membrane.
2. Secretory Granules: Contains by products of cell metabolism.
3. Nutritive substance: absorbed nutrients
4. Pigment granules: melanin, hemoglobin
5. Vacuoles: spaces or cavities without membranes for storage.
6. Foreign Substances: Dust and other ingested materials.

Question 13

What are organelles?

Answer 13

Organs of the cell

Question 14

What regulates permeability into and out of the cell. (skin)?

Answer 14

Plasma Membrane

Question 15

What organelle has a role in cell division, responsible for spindle formation? (reproduction)

Answer 15

Centrosomes

Question 16

What organelle functions in secretion, involved in transport and delivery of proteins and lipids? (Kidney)

Answer 16

Golgi body

Question 17

What organelle is involved in intracellular digestion, enzymes? (digestion)

Answer 17

Lysosomes

Question 18

What organelle is in charge of protein synthesis, associated with ribosomes and RNA from the nucleus? (heart)

Answer 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 19

What organelle is involved in cell respiration, energy formation ATP by oxidative phosphorylation? (lungs)

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Question 20

What is the brain of the cell. Contains genetic information with machinery for DNA replication?

Answer 20

The Nucleus

Question 21

Where is the site of RNA production, non membranous region of the nucleus ?

Answer 21

Nucleolus

Question 22

What is the protoplasm of the nucleus, does not include chromatin and nucleolus?

Answer 22

Nucleoplasm

Question 23

What regulates permeability of the nucleus. Call wall of nucleus?

Answer 23

Nuclear Membrane

Question 24

What consists of two layers of phospholipids, cholesterol, and protein which is 50% of the mass?

Answer 24

Cell Membrane

Question 25

Who is responsible for regulating the permeability of the cell?

Answer 25

Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Pinocytosis