Introduction to Histology Flashcards
What is Histology?
The study of tissues which are a group of similar cells varying in appearance, structure, and function.
What is Cytology?
The study of cells which are the smallest unit of living matter capable of independent existence and reproduction.
What are the Embryonic origin of tissues?
Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm
The embryonic germ layers give rise to 4 types of tissues, what are they?
- Epithelium
- Muscle
- Connective Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
What is Protoplasm?
Term used for both cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.
What is Conductivity?
The ability to conduct electrical energy throughout the cell from point to point.
What is contractability?
Ability to change shapes.
What is Respiration?
Capable of metabolism
Reproduction:
- Amitosis: direct non halving of the cell. (cancer cells)
- Meiosis: restricted to gametes and germ cells. (sex determination)
- Mitosis: Common way of cell division. (Identical daughter cell)
What are the five stages of Mitosis:
- Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
What is Cytoplasm?
Its located outside of the nucleus but within the cell membrane.
What does Cytoplasm contain?
- Inclusions: non-living substances within a cell. No membrane.
- Secretory Granules: Contains by products of cell metabolism.
- Nutritive substance: absorbed nutrients
- Pigment granules: melanin, hemoglobin
- Vacuoles: spaces or cavities without membranes for storage.
- Foreign Substances: Dust and other ingested materials.
What are organelles?
Organs of the cell
What regulates permeability into and out of the cell. (skin)?
Plasma Membrane
What organelle has a role in cell division, responsible for spindle formation? (reproduction)
Centrosomes
What organelle functions in secretion, involved in transport and delivery of proteins and lipids? (Kidney)
Golgi body
What organelle is involved in intracellular digestion, enzymes? (digestion)
Lysosomes
What organelle is in charge of protein synthesis, associated with ribosomes and RNA from the nucleus? (heart)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What organelle is involved in cell respiration, energy formation ATP by oxidative phosphorylation? (lungs)
Mitochondria
What is the brain of the cell. Contains genetic information with machinery for DNA replication?
The Nucleus
Where is the site of RNA production, non membranous region of the nucleus ?
Nucleolus
What is the protoplasm of the nucleus, does not include chromatin and nucleolus?
Nucleoplasm
What regulates permeability of the nucleus. Call wall of nucleus?
Nuclear Membrane
What consists of two layers of phospholipids, cholesterol, and protein which is 50% of the mass?
Cell Membrane
