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DH 250 Histology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

consists of cells and extracellular matrix which consists of fibers and specialized proteins that constitute the ground substance.

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2
Q

What are differences for the epithelial cells?

A
  1. Vascular
  2. Different types of cells (packed with cells)
  3. Intracellular Substance (very little)
  4. Fibers
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3
Q

What is connective tissue usually bounded by?

A

Usually bounded by basal lamina of epithelial tissue and basal lamina of muscle or nerve cells.

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4
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

to connect to the other 3 bodies of tissues muscle, nerve, and epithelium and to provide form and support.

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5
Q

What gives rise to almost all of the connective tissue of the body except for the head region where it comes from the ectoderm - neural crest cells.

A

The Mesoderm

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6
Q

Proliferation and maturation of the mesodermal tissues of the body produces a primitive connective tissues called the?

A

Mesenchyme

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7
Q

Where is embryonic connective tissue present?

A

is present in the embryo and the umbilical cord.

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8
Q

What two groups is embryonic connective tissue classified in?

A

mesenchyme: found in the embryo and functions in gap junction.

Mucous connective tissue: found in the umbilical cord and its ground substance is referred to as Wharton’s jelly.

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8
Q

What two groups is embryonic connective tissue classified in?

A

mesenchyme: found in the embryo and functions in gap junction.

Mucous connective tissue: found in the umbilical cord and its ground substance is referred to as Wharton’s jelly.

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9
Q

What are the two general types of connective tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue

Dense connective tissue
-dense irregular
-dense regular

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10
Q

What cellular connective tissue has thin and relatively sparse collage fibers with an abundance of ground substance?

A

Loose connective tissue

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11
Q

What is ground substance?

A

amorphous gel like consistency, plays an important role in diffusion of oxygen and nutrients into the connective tissue and carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes out of the connective tissue.

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12
Q

What tissue is the site of inflammatory and immune reactions with pathogens that have breached the epithelia. During these reactions the tissue can swell considerably

A

Loose Connective Tissue

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13
Q

What are two examples of loose connective tissue?

A
  1. submucosa of organs
  2. Skin
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14
Q

What are two examples of loose connective tissue?

A
  1. submucosa of organs
  2. Skin
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15
Q

Dense Regular Connective tissue:

A
  1. regularly arranged and densely packed array of fibers and cells.
  2. Mostly collagen fibers with very little ground substance
  3. Fibers are arranged in a parallel array and are densely packed to provide maximum strength
  4. Main functional component of tendons, ligaments, and aponeurosis.
15
Q

Dense Regular Connective tissue:

A
  1. regularly arranged and densely packed array of fibers and cells.
  2. Mostly collagen fibers with very little ground substance
  3. Fibers are arranged in a parallel array and are densely packed to provide maximum strength
  4. Main functional component of tendons, ligaments, and aponeurosis.
16
Q

Tendons

A

cordlike structure that attached muscle to bone

17
Q

Ligaments

A

consists of collagen fibers and fibroblasts arranged in parallel. Joins bone to bone

18
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue fibers?

A
  1. Collagen fibers: most abundent type. Flexible with high tensile strength.
  2. Reticular fibers: supporting framework for the cellular constituents of various tissues and organs.
  3. Elastic fibers: allows tissues to respond to stretching and distention.
18
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue fibers?

A
  1. Collagen fibers: most abundent type. Flexible with high tensile strength.
  2. Reticular fibers: supporting framework for the cellular constituents of various tissues and organs.
  3. Elastic fibers: allows tissues to respond to stretching and distention.
19
Q

What is extracellular matrix?

A

Consists of collagen and elastic fibers and ground substance (which occupies the space between the cells and fibers)

20
Q

What is extracellular matrix?

A

Consists of collagen and elastic fibers and ground substance (which occupies the space between the cells and fibers)

21
Q

What are connective tissue cells classified as ?

A

Resident & Wandering

22
Q

What are the wandering/ transient cells?

A

Lymphocytes, plasma cells, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes.

23
Q

What are the resident cells?

A

Fibroblasts, Macrophages, Adipocyes, Mast Cell, and Adult stem cells.

24
Q

Tell be about fibroblasts: (resident cell)

A

principle cell of the connective tissue
responsible for synthesis of collagen , elastic, and reticular fibers.
synthesis of the complex carbohydrates of the ground substance.

25
Q

Tell me about macrophages (resident cell)

A

Phagocytic cells derived from monocytes which migrate into the connective tissue where they differentiate into macrophages.

They can fuse into a giant cell with more than hundred nuclei called foreign body giant cell. (langhan cells)

26
Q

Tell me about mast cell: (resident cell)

A

Develop in the bone marrow and differentiate in the connective tissue.

Cytoplasm filled with large basophilic granules.

They secrete histamine: (increases permeability of small blood vessels causing edema in the tissues)

Haparin (anticoagulant)

Proteases

Leukotrienes (causing bronchospasm)

27
Q

Tell be about Basophils (wandering cell)

A

Develop and mature in bone marrow and released into circulation as mature cell.

Share features with mast cell.

28
Q

Tell me about Lymphocytes: (wandering cell)

A

smallest cell.

Involved in the immune response

Increases in # at sites of tissue inflammation caused by pathogens.

Found in lamina of respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.

28
Q

Tell me about Lymphocytes: (wandering cell)

A

smallest cell.

Involved in the immune response

Increases in # at sites of tissue inflammation caused by pathogens.

Found in lamina of respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.

29
Q

Tell me about Plasma Cells (wandering cell)

A

Antibody producing cells derived from the B-lymphocyte

Limited migratory ability and a short life span of 10-30 days.

30
Q

Eosinophils, Monocytes, and Neutrophils

A

Neutrophils and Monocytes enter connective tissues form the bloodstream in response to tissue injury.

Monocytes differentiate into macrophages

Eosinophils function in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.

DH 250 Histology (7 decks)

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