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DH 250 Histology > DH 231 (Anomalies) > Flashcards

DH 231 (Anomalies) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most frequent variation of a single tooth?

A

Maxillary Third Molars
most common type: tricuspid crown of second molar. duplicate 4 cuspid type, one more more accessory cusps. May possess 3 roots (more often fusion of roots) complete fusions of 2 or 3 roots. Peg shaped tooth with cone shaped root.

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2
Q

Supernumerary teeth

(Teeth in excess of normal amount)

Can be found in any location in the dental arch.

A

Most freq: max incisor area, 3rd molar area, mandibular premolar area.

Paramolars: Located BM to the 2nd and 3rd molars
(aka maxillary fourth molars)

Paramolar Tubercle: tooth attached to tooth in that area
(distal, distolingual)

Distomolars: Located Distal or DL to 3rd molars are either peg-shaped or irregular patterned cusp and large crown. (peg-shaped or irregular patterned cusp and large crown)

Incisors: Mesiodens; located between maxillary and central incisors.
Found close to the midline. Usually seen on lingual aspect of mouth.

Premolars: often shaped like normal premolar- sometimes reduced in size and peg-shaped.

Canines:

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3
Q

Where do we find Paramolars?

A

Located MB to the 2nd and 3rd molars. (aka fourth molars)

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4
Q

Where do we find Distomolars?

A

Located distal or distolingual to 3rd molars .
(Either peg-shaped of irregular patterned cusp and large crown)

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5
Q

What is it called when a tooth fuses at the cementum?

A

Concrescence

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6
Q

What is the union of two tooth buds involving the dentin?

A

Fusion

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7
Q

What is gemination?

A

Formed by the partial splitting of a single tooth bud. Usually have a single root and a common pup canal. Tooth appears larger. Patient has normal amount of teeth

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8
Q

Mottle enamel?

A

Poor calcification of enamel. Caused by excessive indigestion of fluoride during periods of tooth formation/calcification. Appears opaque, white and chalky in contrast to healthy enamel which is hard glossy, and translucent.

mild: white opaque areas on approx. 50%. of tooth surfaces

moderate: entire enamel surface is brown

Severe: mottling and hypoplastic pitting

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9
Q

What is peg shaped lateral?

A

These are commonly seen on maxillary lateral incisors, they have a peg like shape/apperance.

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10
Q

What is the most frequent variation of a tooth

A
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10
Q

What is the most frequent variation of a tooth

A
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11
Q

What does dental anomaly mean?

A

Abnormality or deviation from the average norm of anatomy, function, or position of teeth.

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12
Q

What is dens in dente or Dens invaginatus?

A

“tooth within a tooth” Usually involves maxillary lateral incisors. Formation can cause deep pits.

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13
Q

What is Dens evaginates?

A

Usually affects premolars. Characterized by an extra cusp or tubercle protruding from a tooth. Extra cusp contains a pulp horn so attrition or fracture can result in exposure of pulp, leading to plural inflammation.

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14
Q

Which is associated with Sialolith?

A

Ranula

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15
Q

What is Sialolithiasis?

A

Formation of concretions of solid materials in hollow spaces. Condition of salivary calculus blocking duct. Obstruction of salivary gland duct may cause dilation of duct and chronic inflammation of gland.

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16
Q

What is a ranula?

A

Mucous rendition cyst located on floor of mouth; resembles croaking frog.

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17
Q

What is dilaceration of the tooth?

A

Sharp bend or angulation of tooth root. Long axis of crown and root not in same plane. Occurs with crowding of teeth during development or trauma during formation. Complicated tooth extractions.

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18
Q

What is root flexion?

A

Bending of the root

19
Q

What is an enamel pearl?

A

(Enamelomas) small masses of enamel most frequently found at the furcation areas. Tx not recommended, can cause root caries

20
Q

What is enamel projection?

A

Cervical line goes inward toward the root instead of straight across.
Usually on maxillary & mandibular molars. Could contribute to perio.

21
Q

What are diastemas?

A

Spacing of teeth within an arch. Can be found anywhere .

22
Q

What is a median diastema?

A

Spacing of teeth found between the maxillary central incisors.
(teeth 8 & 9)

23
Q

What is a trema?

A

When the La frenum is attached to the incisive papilla.

24
Q

What is a segmented root?

A

Disturbance in root formation causing root to be formed in two segments. Usually due to trauma.

25
Q

What is a dwarfed root?

A

Tooth has normal size crown but short, stubby roots. These could be seen on perio patients.

26
Q

Supernumerary teeth include:

A

Maxillary incisor area, 3rd molar area, and mandibular premolar area.
Most rare - canines.

27
Q

What is hypercementosis?

A

Thickening of cementum on the root. Root will appear bulbous, making extraction difficult.

28
Q

What is microdontia?

A

Very small tooth. May occur in single tooth or a few teeth. Commonly seen in third molars or maxillary laterals (peg lateral)

29
Q

What is Macrodontia?

A

Very large teeth, most frequently seen in incisor or cuspid region. Roots of teeth can be longer than normal.

30
Q

What is dentinogenesis Imperfecta?

A

“Opalescent Dentin”
Teeth appear gray, amber, or brown translucent color.
Hereditary defect
No pulp chamber or canals present
Teeth are weaker than normal

31
Q

Amelogenesis Imperfecta ?

A

Faulty enamel formation.
Hereditary disorder affecting primary and permanent dentitions
Confined to enamel (other components of teeth are normal)
Three types: hypoplastic, hypocalcified, hypomaturation

32
Q

Amelogenesis Imperfecta

(Hypoplastic)

A

Decreased enamel matrix formation caused by disturbance in functioning of ameloblasts.
Thinner enamel
focal or generalized.

(Reduced thickness, smooth surface, normal hardness)

33
Q

Amelogenesis Imperfecta

(Hypocalcified Type)

A

Severe defect in mineralization of enamel matrix
Enamel of normal thickness but softer than normal
Easily removed with blunt instrument

(Normal thickness, smooth surface, less hardness.)

34
Q

Amelogenesis Imperfecta

(Hypomaturation Type)

A

Less severe alteration in mineralization
Enamel is of normal thickness but not of normal hardness and translucency
Enamel can be pierced with point of explorer

(Normal thickness, chipped surface, less hardness, opaque white coloration)

35
Q

How can you tell the difference between gemination and fused teeth?

A

A geminated tooth has a single root and a bifid crown. The tooth can appear like two teeth very close together however, it’s one tooth. The patient has the same number of teeth in their dentition.

A tooth that is fused is the union of two separate tooth buds joined by dentin. Due to the tooth being fused it can appear that the patient is missing a tooth from the dentition. Teeth that are fused have two roots, a geminated tooth has a single root.

36
Q

What is an odontoma?

A

A composite (mixed) odontoma is a tumorous anomaly of calcified dental tissues.
most commonly found in maxilla.
“aka” tumor of the tooth.
Occurs during tooth development
(two types)

37
Q

What is a compound Odontoma?

A

Type consisting of severe small masses , like rudimentary teeth. Usually anterior part of mouth

38
Q

What is complex Odontoma?

A

Type consisting of single mass of dentin, cementum, and enamel in abnormal relation. Usually found in posterior parts of mandible over impacted teeth. (looks like nothing)

39
Q

What is enamel hypoplasia?

A

Results from congenital syphilis

Deficient formation of enamel matrix due to injury of ameloblasts during tooth formation.

Affects incisor edges of permanent incisors and occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars.

Hutchinson’s incisors: notched screwdriver- shaped incisors

Mulberry molar: cusps covered with globular enamel growths.

40
Q

Supernumerary roots

A

additional/ extra roots

most seen on mandibular premolars.

41
Q

Talon Cusp

A

supernumerary cusp
form of dens evagenatus
Usually seen on lingual aspect of incisors
resembles an eagle’s talon.

42
Q

What is Anodontia?

A

Congenital absence of all teeth

Associated with hereditary edotdermal dysplasia

43
Q

What is partial Anodontia?

A

“Hypodontia”

Form of anodontia

Congenital absence of one or more teeth.

most commonly missing is 3rd molars especially the max, max lateral incisors, and mandibular 2nd premolars.

44
Q

Premature Eruption

Natal Teeth

Neonatal Teeth

A

Natal Teeth: erupted deciduous teeth present at birth

Neonatal Teeth: deciduous teeth that erupt during first 30 days of life .

DH 250 Histology (7 decks)

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