Hematology Flashcards
The study of blood and diseases and organs that form and/or destroy blood.
Hematology
Blood:
Considered a fluid connective tissue
consists of cells and extracellular matrix
6 liters of blood in average adult
Functions of blood
- delivers nutrients and oxygen to cells and tissues
- transports waste and carbon dioxide away form cells and tissues
- maintains homeostasis by acting as a buffer
- Participates in coagulation and thermoregulation
- Transports cells of the immune system
What are the cells of blood:
- Erythrocytes (RBC)
- Leukocytes (WBC)
- Thrombocytes (platelets)
Extracellular fluid:
called plasma which is serum and fibrin
gives the fluid properties to the blood
90% water with solutes that maintain homeostasis
provides optimal PH
Extracellular fluid:
called plasma which is serum and fibrin
gives the fluid properties to the blood
90% water with solutes that maintain homeostasis
provides optimal PH
Tell me about the Erythrocyte (RBC)
- Anucleate (cell devoid of typical organelles)
- Biconcave disk
- function only in bloodstream to bind oxygen for delivery to tissues then bind carbon dioxide for removal. (tissue respiration)
- Hemoglobin is the protein to which oxygen and carbon dioxide bind.
Blood Types
Type A: posses serum and anti B antibodies
Type B: posses serum and anti A antibodes
Type AB: possess no serum antibodies against A or B (universal receiver)
Type O: possess both serum anti A and anti B antibodies and neither A or B surface antigens (universal donor)
Leukocytes
- Bodies primary defense against infection
- orininate in the bone marrow
- classified into two groups.
-Granulocytes :
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
-Agranulocyes:
lymphocytes
monocytes
Granulocytes: (Neutrophil)
- First line of defense in acute inflammation
- Identified by their multilobal nucleus and are called polymorphonuclear neutrophils or PMNs or polymorphs
- They are motile cells - they live the circulation and migrate to the site of acton in the connection tissue.
- Phagocytosis: once at site of tissue injury they are the first to recognize any foreign substance
- After phagocytosis the neutrophils undergo apoptosis. The accumulation of dead bacteria and neutrophils constitutes the exudate we call “pus”
Eosinophils
Bilobed nucleus
develop and mature in the bone marrow
circulate in the bloodstream then migrate into connective tissue
found in mostly digestive and respiratory tracts.
Releases histamine: at site of allergic reaction to moderate potentially deleterious effects of immamatory vasoactive mediators.
Phagocytosis antibody - antigen complexes
Usually high in individuals with allergies and parasitic infections
Eosinophils
Bilobed nucleus
develop and mature in the bone marrow
circulate in the bloodstream then migrate into connective tissue
found in mostly digestive and respiratory tracts.
Releases histamine: at site of allergic reaction to moderate potentially deleterious effects of immamatory vasoactive mediators.
Phagocytosis antibody - antigen complexes
Usually high in individuals with allergies and parasitic infections
Basophils
Least numbers of the WBCs
Have a large number of granules in their cytoplasm that stain basic dyes.
Contains
-heparin: an anticoagulant
-histamine: vasodilation
-leukotrinenes (serotonin) responsible for anaphylactic reaction
functions very similar to mast cell but not identical
activation:
bindsto antibody IgE
gets exposed to IgE antigen
Activation of basophil
release of vasoactive agents
Basophils
Least numbers of the WBCs
Have a large number of granules in their cytoplasm that stain basic dyes.
Contains
-heparin: an anticoagulant
-histamine: vasodilation
-leukotrinenes (serotonin) responsible for anaphylactic reaction
functions very similar to mast cell but not identical
activation:
bindsto antibody IgE
gets exposed to IgE antigen
Activation of basophil
release of vasoactive agents
Lymphocyte (agranular leukocyte)
Main functional cell of the lymphatic or immune system
Found in blood or lymph
Found in sites of chronic inflammation
re-circulating immunocompetent cells
3 types of lymphocytes
- t lymphocyte (differentiation in thymus)
cell mediated immunity
very long lifespan
-B lymphocyte (found in bone marrow)
production of antibodies
antibody mediated immunity
-Natural killer cells : programmed to kill certain types of transformed cell.
