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Hematology Lecture > Introduction to Hematology > Flashcards

Introduction to Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Hematology comes from the Greek words _____ which means “blood” and _____ which means “study of”

A

Haima
Logos

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2
Q

Haima means ____

A

Blood

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3
Q

Logos means _____

A

Study of

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4
Q

Study of the quality and quantity of the cellular elements of the peripheral blood and the bone marrow which includes erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), and thrombocytes (Platelets).

A

Hematology

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5
Q

Study of the disorders and abnormalities related or associated with the quality and quantity of the cellular elements of the blood.

A

Hematology

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6
Q

Study of laboratory procedures and techniques being used to examine the quality and quantity of the cellular elements of the blood.

A

Hematology

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7
Q

First scientist who described “worms” in the blood in 1657.

A

Athanasius Kircher

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8
Q

Athanasius Kircher is the first scientist who described _____ in what year?

A

“worms” in blood
1657

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9
Q

Gave an account for RBC in 1674.

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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10
Q

Anton van Leeuwenoek gave an account for _____ in what year

A

Gave an account for RBC
1674

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11
Q

A scientist that describes platelets in 1800.

A

Guilio Bizzozero

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12
Q

Guilio Bizzozero describes _____ in what year?

A

Platelets
1800

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13
Q

Who developed the Wright Stain in 1902?

A

James Homer Wright

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14
Q

James Homer Wright develops _____ in what year?

A

Wright Stain
1902

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15
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

A/An

A

Without

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16
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Aniso

A

Unequal/Dissimilar

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17
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Cyt

A

Cell

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18
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Dys

A

Abnormal/Difficult

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19
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Erythro

A

Red

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20
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Ferro/Ferr

A

Iron

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21
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Hypo

A

Deficient/Decreased

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22
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Hemo (Hemato)

A

Pertains to Blood

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23
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Hyper

A

Beyond/Increase/Extreme

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24
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Iso

A

Equal/Alike

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25
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Leuko

A

White

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26
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Macro

A

Large

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27
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Mega

A

Very Large/Huge

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28
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Micro

A

Small

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29
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Myelo

A

From the Bone Marrow

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30
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Pan

A

All/Overall

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31
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Phleb

A

Vein

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32
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Phago

A

Eat/Digest

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33
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Poikilo

A

Varied/Irregular

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34
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Poly

A

Many

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35
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Schis

A

Split

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36
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Scler

A

Hard

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37
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Spleen

A

Spleen

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38
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Throm (o)

A

Clot/Thrombus

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39
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Xanth

A

Yellow

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40
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

-oid

A

Like

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41
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

-osis

A

Increased

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42
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Pan

A

All

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43
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

-penia

A

Decreased

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44
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Plasia

A

Formation

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45
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Poeisis

A

Cell Production

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46
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Poly

A

Many

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47
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Pro

A

Before

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48
Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Thrombo

A

Clot

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49
Q

Quality pertains to the _____ of the cells

A

Morphology

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50
Q

Quantity pertains to the _____ of the cells

A

Number

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51
Q

_____ pertains to the morphology of the cells

A

Quality

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52
Q

_____ pertains to the number of the cells

A

Quantity

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53
Q

Responsible for blood coagulation

A

Thrombocytes

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54
Q

_____ and _____ does not have nucleus

A

RBC
Platelets

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55
Q

_____ does not have hemoglobin

A

Leukocytes

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56
Q

Give the meaning of the following abbreviations:

Hct

A

Hematocrit

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57
Q

Give the meaning of the following abbreviations:

Hb/Hgb

A

Hemoglobin

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58
Q

Give the meaning of the following abbreviations:

CBC

A

Complete Blood Count

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59
Q

Give the meaning of the following abbreviations:

MCV

A

Mean Corposcular Volume

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60
Q

Give the meaning of the following abbreviations:

MCH

A

Mean Corposcular Hemoglobin

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61
Q

Give the meaning of the following abbreviations:

MCHC

A

Mean Corposcular Hemoglobin Concentration

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62
Q

What are included in the Blood Indices?

A

MCV
MCH
MCHC

63
Q

Used to identify the type of Anemia

A

Blood Indices

64
Q

Old Unit of Hemoglobin

A

g/100ml (g%)

65
Q

Old Unit of Cells:

A

Per cumm

66
Q

Old Unit of MCH:

A

Uug

67
Q

SI Unit of Hemoglobin:

A

g/L

68
Q

SI Unit of Cells:

A

Per uL or cells/L

69
Q

SI Unit of MCH:

A

pG

70
Q

SI Unit of MCV:

A

fl

71
Q

It is the vital life-sustaining fluid circulating constantly in a closed system of blood vessels

A

Blood

72
Q

Circulation of Blood (paths of the blood when it is pumped)

A

Blood is pumped from the heart into arteries, from arteries into the capillaries and from the capillaries into veins then it returns to the heart.

73
Q

2 Main Composition of Blood:

A

Whole Blood
Liquid

74
Q

Whole Blood is composed of:

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets/Thrombocytes

75
Q

Liquid Portion of the Blood is composed of:

A

Plasma
Serum

76
Q

Liquid potion of unclotted blood.

A

Plasma

77
Q

Fluid that remains after coagulations
has occurred and clot has formed.

A

Serum

78
Q

Liquid portion of clotted blood.

A

Serum

79
Q

It is the anucleate, biconcave, discoid cells filled with reddish protein.

A

Erythrocytes (RBC)

80
Q

Reddish protein is also known as the _____

A

Hemoglobin

81
Q

Responsible for giving color to the RBC

A

Hemoglobin

82
Q

Color of the Erythrocytes

A

Salmon Pink

83
Q

Size of the Erythrocytes

A

7-8 um in diameter with central pallor

84
Q

A cellular component of the blood that lacks hemoglobin, has a nucleus, is capable of motility, and defends the body against infection and disease by ingesting foreign materials and cellular debris by destroying infectious agents or by producing antibodies.

A

Leukocytes (WBC)

85
Q

2 Classifications of Leukocytes:

A

Phagocytes
Immunocytes

86
Q

Phagocytes includes:

A

Neutrophils
Monocytes

87
Q

Immunocytes includes:

A

Lymphocytes

88
Q

Are true blood cells that maintain blood vessels integrity by initiating vessel repairs.

A

Thrombocytes (Platelets)

89
Q

Size of Thrombocytes:

A

2-4 um in diameter

90
Q

Platelets came from _____ which is the largest cell in the bone marrow

A

Megakaryocytes

91
Q

Largest cell in the bone marrow

A

Megakaryocytes

92
Q

Give the relative size of the formed elements:

Thrombocytes

A

2-4 um

93
Q

Give the relative size of the formed elements:

Erythrocytes

A

7-8 um

94
Q

Give the relative size of the formed elements:

Normal Lymphocytes

A

6-9 um

95
Q

Give the relative size of the formed elements:

Reactive Lymphocytes

A

10-22 um

96
Q

Give the relative size of the formed elements:

Basophils

A

10-15 um

97
Q

Give the relative size of the formed elements:

Segmented Neutrophils

A

10-15 um

98
Q

Give the relative size of the formed elements:

Band Neutrophils

A

10-15 um

99
Q

Give the relative size of the formed elements:

Eosinophils

A

12-16 um

100
Q

Give the relative size of the formed elements:

Monocytes

A

12-20 um

101
Q

It is the largest among the formed elements.

A

Monocytes

102
Q

It is the smallest among the formed elements.

A

Platelets/Thrombocytes

103
Q

This is seen in between the Plasma and the Red Blood Cells.

A

Buffy Coat

104
Q

Percentage of plasma in the blood

A

55%

105
Q

Percentage of buffy coat in the blood

A

1%

106
Q

Percentage of red blood cells in the blood

A

45%

107
Q

Plasma consist of how many percent of proteins?

A

7%

108
Q

What are the proteins that can be found in the plasma? Write their corresponding percentages.

A

Fibrinogen (7%)
Albumin (55%)
Globulin (38%)

109
Q

Buffy Coat contains:

A

WBC
Platelets

110
Q

What are the layers of the Buffy Coat?

A

Uppermost Layer
Middle Layer
Lower Layer

111
Q

What if Factor I?

A

Fibrinogen

112
Q

Classifications of the Globulin

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

113
Q

Factor V is also known as _____

A

Labile Factor

114
Q

Factor VIII:C is also known as _____

A

Deficiency on Haemophilia A

115
Q

Factor XIII is also known as _____

A

Fibrin Stabilizing Factor

116
Q

Factor II is also known as _____

A

Prothrombin

117
Q

If blood is in vitro, it coagulates _____

A

5-10 minutes

118
Q

In vivo blood is _____

A

Fluid state

119
Q

Blood is thick and viscous _____ thicker than water

A

3.5-4.5 times

120
Q

Blood makes up of _____ (percentage) of the total body component or _____ (volume)

A

6-8%
60-80 ml/kg

121
Q

Blood is approximately _____ (mass)

A

20 grams solid per 100 ml

122
Q

Total blood volume of an adult male

A

5-6 liters

123
Q

Total blood volume of an adult female

A

4-5 liter

124
Q

Total blood volume of a newborn

A

250-350 ml

125
Q

Described as the thickness and stickiness of blood

A

Blood viscosity

126
Q

A measure of the resistance of blood to flow

A

Viscosity

127
Q

Viscosity depends on:

A

Red Blood Cells
Plasma Proteins

128
Q

A measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution

A

pH

129
Q

It is the negative decimal logarithm of hydrogen concentration

A

pH

130
Q

Normal range of pH level

A

7.35-7.45

131
Q

Average pH level

A

7.40

132
Q

pH of venous blood

A

7.35

133
Q

pH of arterial blood

A

7.45

134
Q

If the pH is less than 7.3, it is then considered _____

A

Acidosis

135
Q

If the pH is more than 7.5, it is then considered _____

A

Alkalosis

136
Q

pH is maintained by:

A
  1. Excretion of carbon dioxide by the lungs
  2. Excretion of H+ or OH by the Kidney
  3. By the action of buffer system
137
Q

The buffer system that maintains the blood are:

A

Carbonate
Phosphate
Protein
Hemoglobin

138
Q

It is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance.

A

Blood Specific Gravity

139
Q

Specific Gravity is also called as _____

A

Relative Density

140
Q

Specific Gravity of whole blood:

A

1.045-1.066

141
Q

Specific Gravity of serum:

A

1.024-1.028

142
Q

Specific Gravity of Plasma:

A

1.025-1.029

143
Q

Specific Gravity depends on:

A

Red Blood Cells
Plasma Proteins

144
Q

What is the color of the arterial blood?

A

Bright red

145
Q

What is the color of the venous blood?

A

Dark purplish red

146
Q

What is the color of the blood in pulmonary arteries and veins (Hb with O2)?

A

Purple

147
Q

What is the color of the blood in pulmonary arteries and veins (Hb without O2)?

A

Blue

148
Q

Concentration of solutes dissolved in the blood

A

Osmolality

149
Q

What instrument is used to measure osmolality?

A

Osmometer

150
Q

Reference range of osmolality in blood

A

281-296 milli-osmoles per kilogram (mOsms)

151
Q

Functions of Blood:

A
  1. Respiratory
  2. Nutritional
  3. Excretory
  4. Buffering Action
  5. Maintenance of Constant Body Temperature
  6. Transportation of Hormones and Other Endocrine Secretion that Regulates Cell Function
  7. Body Defense Mechanism
152
Q

Classification of Granulocytes:

A

Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils

153
Q

Classification of Agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

154
Q

Aside from Proteins, give other sub classification of Plasma:

A

Amino Acids
Nutrients
Proteins
Nitrogenous Waste
Electrolytes
Gases

Hematology Lecture (6 decks)

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