Introduction to Globalization Flashcards
belonging to the present; modern
contemporary
- abstractions of realities. Their meanings can hardly be grasped independently of the reality they seek to represent
ideas
associated—and sometimes erroneously taken synonymously—with the following terms: internationalization, liberalization, universalization, and westernization.
globalization
may refer to the social process whereby the world becomes a marketplace of ideas, beliefs, and values, where people are free to exchange and engage in dialogue. The East meets the West as they poetically call it
globalization
– said that globalization is not synonymous to any of these terms. Hence, as a concept globalization must be defined and understood separately from—and not taken synonymously with—any of these terms
Aart Scholte
- Globalization is much more than a set of economic factors, it is a flow of:
capital
labor and goods
genetic information
new ideas
environmental problems
disease
also understood as the extension and intensification of social relations across world time and world space
globalization
involves the growth of transactions and interdependencies between countries
internationalization
process whereby nation-states “inter-act” with one another economically, politically, socially, and culturally
internationalization
prefix that signifies an act happening between two or more players
inter
interaction involves nation states which are entities defined by political and geographical borders
internationalization
prime movers in internationalization
nation states
- Unlike ________, which is defined by national and geographical boundaries, _____refers to the integration of the global economy whose main actors need not be the nation-states but the transnational corporations, international governmental and non-governmental organizations, civil societies, and the peoples themselves.
internationalization
globalization
said that internationalization refers to the extension of a nation-state’s economic activities to other nation-states while (economic) globalization refers to the organic integration of the global economy
Istvan Benczes
removal of constraints on movements of resources between countries—an open, borderless world.
liberalization
involves abolishing regulatory measures such as trade barriers, capital controls and visa requirements, and is linked in part with neoliberalism
liberalization
an economic philosophy or a policy which advocates the lifting of trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas imposed on imported products intended to create global market where the prices of commodities are dictated by the invisible hand of global competition and not by state policies adopted by nation-states.
liberalization
involves the dispersion of objects and experiences to all parts of the earth
universalization
intends to build a homogenized world where truths, beliefs, values, morality, and the way of doing things are held to be valid in all places at all times.
universalization
a system of thought where claims to truth, morality, values, and practice by those who are in power are imposed as valid across the world.
universalization
Accreditation conducted by the International Standardization Organization (ISO) is one way by which this policy of __ is being carried out
International Standardization Organization
ISO means
International Standardization Organization
particular type of universalization of Western structures such as capitalism, industrialism, rationalism, urbanism, individualism, and democracy, or put more critically, colonization
westernization
imposition of western values to the rest of the world
westernization
kind of universalization in the sense that only western values are held to be right. If you don’t adhere to these values, beliefs, or practices, you’re considered uncivilized, undeveloped, or whatever derogative words used to describe non-subscription to whatever ideals of the Western world.
westernization
calls it ideology—behind the prevailing form of economic globalization
globalism
who called the underlying philosophy of globalization
Manfred Steger
normative philosophy that tells us the imperatives of globalization
globalism
advances six core interrelated claims
globalism
six core interrelated claims of globalism
- globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets
- globalization is inevitable and irreversible
- nobody is in charge of globalization (World Trade Organization is simply an umpire of the global economic competition)
- globalization benefits everyone
- globalization furthers the spread of democracy in the world
- globalization requires a global war on terror
- refers to the condition brought about by the process of globalization.
globality
effect of the globalizing process, which process is justified by an underlying philosophy or ideology called globalism
globality
signifies a social condition characterized by the existence of global economic, political, cultural, and environmental interconnections and flows that make many of the currently existing borders and boundaries irrelevant
globality
in short, is the condition of world-wide interconnectedness
globality
according to him, globality should not be understood as the final stage of the development of globalization. It is not static but dynamic in nature in which it changes its form depending on the level of global interconnections
Manfred Steger
– globality can transform itself into another condition as a by-product of historical processes
planetarity
– according to Anthony Giddens, is the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa
globalization
according to whom, Globalization is the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa
Anthony Giddens
Globalization is characterized of that strong interconnection facilitated by economics, politics, culture, technology, and various global concerns.
whose definition
Anthony Giddens
– according to him, The concept of globalization reflects the sense of an immense enlargement of world communication, as well as of the horizon of a world market, both of which seem far more tangible and immediate than in earlier stages of modernity
Fredric Jameson
Globalization brought about by the development of information and communication technology, has indeed tremendously increased the level of communication, and hence the level of global awareness, occurring among peoples of the world.
whose definition
Fredric Jameson
according to him, g]lobalization may be thought of as a process (or set of processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions
David Held
social relations and interactions among peoples in the world has become much broader in reach (worldwide) and much deeper and stronger in connection, transcending time and space
according to whom
David Held
according to him, Globalization as a concept refers both to the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole
Roland Robertson
– according to him, Globalization compresses the time and space aspects of social relations
James Mittelman
according to him, supraterritorialization.” The term may sound heavy but Scholte gives a clue: supraterritorialism includes jet planes, telecommunications, global media, finance, ecological problems and global consciousness
Art Scholte
means going over, or going beyond, national and regional territories. It is the removal (metaphorically) of the difficulties imposed by physical space. It is the removal of territorial boundaries
supraterritorialization
worldwide social relations
what process
intensification
world communication
world market
what process
enlargement
social relations and transactions
what process
transformation
world
consciousness of the world
what process
compression
intensification
time and space of social relations
what process
compression
human activities
what process
supraterritorialization
- Friedman claims that globalization has three eras
globalization 1.0
globalization 2.0
globalization 3.0
Globalization 1.0 occured during what years
1492-1800
Globalization 2.0 occured during what years
1800-2000
Globalization 3.0 occured during what years
2000 beyond
define globalization
is a historical process characterized of the compression of the world, enlargement of world communication and world market, intensification of social relations, and intensification of the consciousness of the world.
existing accounts of globalization are incorrect and exaggerated
said by whom
Rejectionists
Globalization refers to the historical process that results to a social condition called globality.
T/F
True
For Anthony Giddens, globalism is the intensification of worldwide social relations.
T/F
False
For Steger globality is the pinnacle of the globalization as a historical process.
T/F
False
Globalization is both a historical and social process.
T/F
True
For globalism, globalization is essentially an economic process.
T/F
True
COVID-19 Pandemic is a manifestation of the compression of the world.
T/F
True
Essentially, globalization refers to the removal of national economic borders.
T/F
False
Globalization requires globalism in order to succeed.
T/F
False
Globalization and globality refer to the same concept.
T/F
False
Globalization is a multi-dimensional process.
T/F
True
Essentially, the difference between globalization and internationalization is on the quantity and not on the quality of worldwide economic activities.
T/F
False
Globalization refers to the intensification of worldwide social relations.
T/F
True
Globalization is a one-dimensional worldwide phenomenon.
T/F
False
Globalization is a dynamic social process.
T/F
True
COVID-19 Pandemic is a proof of globalism
T/F
False
The study of globalization is multidisciplinary
T/F
True
For Roland Robertson, globalization refers to the compression of the world and the intensification of the consciousness of the world.
T/F
true
There can only be one ideology for globalization-globalism.
T/F
False
There cannot be globalization without globalism as an ideology behind it.
T/F
False
Liberalization of the economy is the essence of globalization.
T/F
False
For globalism, globalization demands the liberalization of the economies of the world
t/f
true
Westernization is one form of universalization
t/f
true
For Aarte Scholte, globalization is the deterritorialization of the world
t/f
false
As a dynamic social process, globality may evolve to planetarity according to Manfred Stege
t/f
true
Globalization is the universalization of western values
t/f
false
For Roland Robertson, globalization means supraterritorialization
t/f
false
Ultimately, the goal of liberalization is to establish a single global market
t/f
true
Globalization requires the integration of world economies
t/f
false
For globalism, those who are in power control the economic activities in the world
t/f
false
Globalization, for globalism, is inevitable and reversible
t/f
false
Globalization refers to the universalization of culture
t/f
false
Globalism is the ideology behind the prevailing form of globalization
t/f
true
Globalization refers to the social process whereas globalism refers to the necessary effect of that process
t/f
false
For globalism, political system is not important in the globalizing process
t/f
false
Globalization is a historical process characterized of the compression of the world and the intensification of the worldwide social relations.
t/f
true
Westernization refers to the worldwide imposition of values that are believed to be universal and absolute
t/f
false
Worldwide economic relation is the most important dimension of globalization
t/f
false
Essentially, globalization refers to the integration of the world economies
t/f
false
Globalization is essentially a worldwide social process
t/f
true
