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Animal Genetics > Introduction To Genetics Of Animals > Flashcards

Introduction To Genetics Of Animals Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Alleles

A

Each version of a gene

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2
Q

Captive Animals

A

Animals held in captivity by humans and prevented from escaping

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3
Q

Gene

A

Chemical instructions for building proteins

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4
Q

Genetics

A

The study of variation and heredity in living organisms

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5
Q

Genetic Diversity

A

A measure of how many different versions of genes exist across a genome among individuals in a population and how frequently they occur

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6
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic constitution of an individual organisms

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7
Q

Domestication

A

The process where a population is changed at the genetic level through generations of selective breeding that ultimately benefits humans

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8
Q

Domestic Animals

A

Any animal that has been domesticated by humans

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9
Q

Evolution

A

The change in heritable traits of populations over generations of time

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10
Q

Heterozygous

A

Alleles are different (Bb)

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11
Q

Homozygous

A

Alleles are the same (BB or bb)

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12
Q

Locus

A

Physical location of gene on chromosome

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13
Q

Phenotype

A

An observable category or measurable level of performance for a trait in an individual

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14
Q

Plasticity

A

The ability of individual genotypes to produce different phenotypes when exposed to different environmental conditions

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15
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same geographic area and interbreed with each other

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16
Q

Trait

A

An observable or measurable characteristic of an individual

17
Q

Wild Animal

A

All organisms that grow or live in the wild in an area without being introduced humans or any undomesticated animal

18
Q

Diploid cell

A

Two versions of each gene

19
Q

Domestic animal classes

A
  1. Commensals
  2. Prey
  3. Draft and no food resources
20
Q

Commensals

A

Adapted to human niche, mainly pets

21
Q

Prey

A

Prey animals used for food and other resources like eggs, milk, meat, etc.

22
Q

Draft and Nonfood Animals

A

Animals domesticated for use like showing, racing, working, etc.

23
Q

Who gets domesticated?

A

Animals that are…
1. Friendly
2. Feedable
3. Fecundity
4. Families

24
Q

What kind of feedable animals do we use for domestication?

A

Animals that are herbivores mainly, and can eat foods that are in abundance

25
Q

Fecundity

A

Animals ability to grow and reproduce

26
Q

Why do we want animals that are in families?

A

So they are easier to keep together if using them for things like milk, meat, fiber

27
Q

Why would humans hold animals captive?

A
  1. Conservation
  2. Studies
  3. Farming
  4. Exotics
28
Q

What impacts phenotypes?

A
  1. Genotype
  2. Environment
29
Q

What does evolution depend on?

A
  1. Species
  2. Natural or artificial selection
  3. Reproductive transmission/technology
  4. Organism
  5. Genetic variation
  6. Environment
30
Q

A population cannot evolve to adapt to environmental changes without what?

A

Genetic diversity

31
Q

Biodiversity is variation in…

A
  1. Ecosystems
  2. Species
  3. Populations within species
  4. Genetic diversity within species
32
Q

Why is biodiversity important?

A
  1. Fast recovery from natural disasters
  2. Maintains food chains
  3. Maintains genetic diversity
  4. Maintains ecosystem balance
  5. Protects natural resources
  6. Good health of living beings
  7. Provision of food resources for humans
  8. Promotes soil formation
  9. Overall sustainability and growth
33
Q

When is genetic diversity high?

A

When there are many different alleluia forms of all genes and when there are many different combinations expressed across the species

34
Q

What does Decreased genetic diversity led to?

A
  1. Increased inbreeding
  2. Decreased reproductive fitness
  3. Increased rate of extinction
  4. Decreased biodiversity
35
Q

10 ways to use genetics in conservation efforts…

A
  1. Reduce inbreeding
  2. ID at risk species or populations
  3. Resolve fragmented structures
  4. Resolve taxonomical uncertainty
  5. Define management within a species
  6. Detect hybridization
  7. Non intrusive sampling
  8. Define sites for reintroduction
  9. Forensic investigations
  10. Understanding species biology

Animal Genetics (6 decks)

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